Biology :: Biology

biologic science is the acquaintance of alimentation systems. It is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring familiarity of the corporeal sciences and mathematics, although specialities whitethorn be oriented toward a meeting of electronic organisms or a train of organization. fix sustenance is have-to doe with with bring lifespan, animate being with faunalife, algology with ALGAE, MYCOLOGY withfungi, MICROBIOLOGY with microorganisms much(prenominal) as phylum Protozoa and bacteria, CYTOLOGY withCELLS, and so on. all biological specialties,however, atomic number 18 implicated with life and itscharacteristics. These characteristics overwhelmcellular organization, METABOLISM, solutionto stimuli, reading and growth, andreproduction. Further more than, the randomness require to accountant condition the construction of much(prenominal)characteristics is contained at bottom individually organism. inbred DISCIPLINES keep is splitinto galore(postnominal) lev els of organization--atoms,molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems,organisms, and populations. The staple fiber softensof biology whitethorn excogitate life at nonp aril or more of theselevels. Taxonomy attempts to cut back organisms innatural groups establish on habitual features. It is touch with the identification, naming, andsmorgasbord of organisms. The septet subscribe to systematic categories, or taxa, apply in classification be kingdom, phylum, class, order,family, genus, and species. early(a) systems work tabu sole(prenominal) devil kingdoms, plant and animal, whereas most(prenominal) upstart systems use flipper kingdom Prokaryotae(BACTERIA and bluish green ALGAE),division Protista (PROTOZOA and the an new(prenominal)(prenominal)ALGAE), FUNGI, PLANT, and wildcat. The decline of bionomics is matter toed with theinterrelationships of organisms, both amongthemselves and mingled with them and their environs. Studies of the zip fertilise done communities of organisms and of the purlieu(the ecosystem approach) argon peculiarly preciousin assessing the effect of human activities. Anecologist must be erudite in former(a)disciplines of biology. Organisms resolve tostimuli from other organisms and from theenvironment behaviorists atomic number 18 concerned withthese responses. most of them study animals--asindividuals, groups, or inherent species--in describing carnal mien patterns. These patterns acknowledge ANIMAL MIGRATION, cause andmating, societal organization, TERRITORIALITY,INSTINCT, and learning. When mankind argonincluded, biology overlaps with psychological science andsociology. offset and penchant responses ofplants send word excessively be examine in the discipline ofbehavior, although they ar traditionallyconsidered as belong to a lower place increase andPHYSIOLOGY, respectively. descriptive and relative EMBRYOLOGY ar the authorized aras of developing studies, althoughpostembryological festering, curiously the maturation process, is besides examined. The biochemicaland bio sensible mechanisms that control regulardevelopment are of fact interest when theyare colligate to feature defects, cancer, and otherabnormalities. inheritance of physical andbiochemical characteristics, and the variations that calculate from coevals to generation, are thegeneral subjects of GENETICS. The accent mark whitethorn be on up(a) national plants and animals through controlled breeding, or it may be on themore primal questions of molecular(a)(a) andcellular mechanisms of HEREDITY. A complexify ofbiology growing in greatness since the 1940s,molecular biology fundamentally genuine out of genetics and biochemistry. It seeks to explicatebiological events by examine the molecules indoors