Behavioral Economics Essay - 598 Words

Introduction Behavioral economics studies cognitive, emotional and social factors effects on economic decisions made by an individuals and consequences returns, resource allocation and market prices. It assumes that human beings are rational in the decisions they make. Behavioral economics do not involve assumption. The difference comes in from the notion that the human behavior observation contradicts behavior of people to be perfectly rational. Therefore, the two starts from different points. Both behavioural economics and economics try to proscribe and describe patterns of human spending. The implication is that it does not only try to describe human behavior but tries to dictate human behavior. Behavioral Economics The authors draw†¦show more content†¦From this perspective, psychology influenced an individual’s decision making. Neoclassical economists rejected the psychological perspective and adopted the behavioural perspective. The neoclassical economist stated that the behavior of one dictates ones rationality in the making of decisions which is proscriptive. With classical economists, empirical evidence implies humans are static no matter how much they try to change their behavior. Presently, the classical and neo classical economist have combined to achieve modern economics. It comprises of both psychological and behavioral activities in making of decisions. A classical economic theory market is not all about demandand supply of sellers and buyers. A seller benefits more by giving a buyer more than he needs or selling at higher prices. According to Pareto efficiency that states that the distribution in the markets creates efficiency and both buyer and seller trades off well. This model does not benefit both parties;therefore, a more realistic model was adopted. Hyper rational economist is one who uses ancient ideas to be a prey and a predator at the same time. This mode tries to balance the welfare of both parties involved in the market. Both classical and neo classical shows the behavior of an individual taking into account the social, cognitive and resource allocation and the consequences on demand andShow MoreRelatedCognitive Economics : Behavioral Economic s1115 Words   |  5 PagesBehavioral economics has also consulted inter-temporal choice. Inter-temporal choice describes to how humans decide about what and how much to do at different times when decide at a time effect the facilities available at another time. Choice under risk or ambiguity relates the dual-system theory. Research suggests that people’s decisions can be affected by the â€Å"type and amount of information† they find. 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Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences University of Leicester Submitted by: Usman Raza Khan (119047679) Supervisor: Nick Foster Contents: Introduction What is Financial Myopia and Hyperbolic Discounting? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 What is Inertia? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Governments Efforts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Controversy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Introduction: Due to better health

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string(89) " a major decision and one that was to have a huge impact on the success of the business\." Unfortunately, life has a way of dictating its own terms to the CEO and they are seldom ones that he expects or desires. Around 10 am, Lukas was dragged away from reviewing sales trends by a phone call. The receptionist had a prospective client interested in the company’s products and asked whether she should the call through. We will write a custom essay sample on Shopping mall or any similar topic only for you Order Now The conversation lasted about 40 minutes. He put the phone down annoyed with himself for still not having worked out a procedure for handling prospective clients. Each new caller is put through to him instead of a sales person who could service the client professionally. No sooner had the call ended than the daily grind began. Problems in Getter’s retail outlets started springing up like mushrooms. And, as usual, Impressions was the only person deemed capable of resolving them. As if all this was not enough, he had to make decisions connected with export sales (new client, new transaction procedures) and the technology department urgently required his assistance. Last but not least, Lukas had to find time to manage Getter’s export department. And so it went on into the evening. The events of the passing day made it clear to Lukas that he had to delegate his mommies sales operations duties, including the retail store network management, to someone else. Lukas cannot bring himself to appoint a Country Sales Director to take over the Coo’s duties in that area, even though the company has had a Sales Department for several years. For the time being, Lukas is not only the CEO of Getter but also the Head of the Sales Department. It is patently obvious that this is far too much work for which one person can cope. Delegating part of the sales work to a Sales Director would mean that Lukas could finally perform his duties as Getter CEO much more effectively. He could finally stop worrying about missing out on market opportunities because of his daily routine tasks. Given more time, he might even go a step further and, instead of trawling the market for opportunities, he could go out and create them for Getter himself. All this, though, requires a clear head. Unfortunately, the decision to appoint a new Sales Director is not an easy one. Getter is a family business established by Lukas Imprecision’s parent’s and handing over one of its key areas of operation to a total stranger is emotionally difficult. It is an enormous challenge to trust someone with no family ties to be as omitted to the development of the organization as had been his parent’s and Lukas himself. Another important decision regarding the recruitment of the new should the position be advertised on the open Job market? From Mushroom Grower to Meat Processing Plant The story of the Mineworkers is that of a typical Polish family business. Their family meat processing plant Getter is currently run by the founders’ son Lukas who had gradually taken over the everyday management of the company from his parent’s. Getter is classified as a medium-sized company with 144 employees and the organizational structure was becoming more and more elaborate. The family business now consists of two business entities – Getter, a sole proprietorship set up by Mr. and Ms Impressions (Ukase’s parent’s) and its daughter company Mercy-Meat, a limited liability company established by Lukas himself. Lukas is the CEO of both companies. Getter is engaged in pig, cattle and horse slaughtering, and the fabrication of primal cuts of pork, beef and poultry. The company offers meat cuts (pork and beef quarters) to satisfy the domestic market and individual customer orders. Cured meats processing is another of its key business operations. The past business achievements of Mr. and Mrs. Impressions, and their son Lukas as well, are the direct result of staying true to their chosen path, being consistent in action and remaining open to risk. The Mineworkers started their business soon after they got married. Their first business venture was a mushroom farm which, they built up from scratch. Without any financial resources of their own, they applied for a bank loan, which made it possible to get started. This business was their first opportunity to main experience in company management, including export sales. Over time, however, the business gradually became less profitable as market conditions changed. Eventually, the Mineworkers were forced to make a difficult decision as to what to do next. Their next step was to establish Getter meat plant in 1992, while phasing out the mushroom business. The founders remained unchanged but the activity was completely new. Getter – Change after Change The Mineworkers’ choice of business activity was largely influenced by the region in which they were living (a rural area approximately 100 km from Warsaw), as well as a heritage of meat products in Poland in the early sass. They decided to meet the market’s needs and taking advantage of their location they founded a meat manufacturing plant which initially dealt primarily in pig slaughtering. Apart from the many obvious opportunities opening up for the company, there were also significant threats that could not be ignored. By entering a new market sector, the Mineworkers were back at square one, both with regard to business contacts and building a market presence. However, they still had the business experience that they had gained while farming mushrooms. Getter dealt primarily in pork production during its first four years of operation and the company distributed its product to meat processing plants. Having researched the prevailing market trends, the Mineworkers came to the conclusion that they would have to do more if they wanted to move their business forward. They soon purchased meat processing technology together with several core product recipes which, according to Lukas Impressions, â€Å"turned out to be â€Å"bluebells†. The production technologies were imported from the West but the product recipes were meats. Employing an expert with extensive experience in a large meat processing Lana was a major decision and one that was to have a huge impact on the success of the business. You read "Shopping mall" in category "Papers" Drawing on his previous experience, this professional successfully implemented the newly purchased technology, procedures and recipes at Getter. Meat processing commenced in 1996, the year Getter cold cuts meats first appeared on the market. The Mineworkers stayed focused on ensuring that the needs of customers were met while the meat plant was in its early stages of development. Indeed, they were so overwhelmed with keeping their new business alive that they did not recognize future expansion opportunities. Arguably, the volatile and bearish business environment, the radical economic changes taking place and the protracted birth of a market economy in Poland all militated against making long-term plans. Until 2001 , the Mineworkers had remained convinced that their operations would be limited to the local domestic market. Unfortunately, as they say, change is the only certainty in life. The Mineworkers, despite having worked out a course of action, were once again faced with a crucial decision regarding their company’s continued existence. This time the agent generating the change was the forthcoming accession o the European Union, and in particular, its directives regulating the operations of the meat sector adopted in 2001-2002. The legislation set out requirements that meat producers had to meet in order for their products to be sold on the EX. market (the directives stipulated requirements concerning the adjustment of local procedures to EX. veterinary standards and production technology, the implementation of the HACK system and other quality certificates). Any meat producer that failed to adjust its operations to comply with EX. legislation was not permitted to operate after the ruinations period expiring in 2005. This was a major shock to the Polish meat and cured meat producers, including the Mineworkers. By the time new directives were in force, the Mineworkers meat plant had been renovated but it was able to meet EX. requirements only partially, with technological process lines still below required standards. The Impressions family was confronted with the problem of what to do next. They could do nothing and be confined to the domestic market after 2005, and additionally have their output restricted by regulations, or they could modify their operations so hat Getter could sell its products anywhere in the ELI. The Mineworkers held a brainstorming session in which a representative of the next generation – their son Lukas – took an active part. The meeting concluded with a decision to respond to the Ex.’s challenge and not give up. The Mineworkers and their son set about adapting the company’s operations to comply with EX. standards. The result was that a new large plant was soon designed. The company decided to finance the investment with EX. funds and a bank loan. Lukas Impressions prepared an application for EX. funds to subsidies the construction. And so, once again, the Mineworkers, in the words of their son Lukas, â€Å"went for broke†. Construction of the new plant was completed in 2004. The plant was equipped with state-of-the-art technology the family had seen in similar factories in Denmark and Switzerland, and the machinery was likewise purchased from those countries. The new plant had two independent process lines for pork and beef and poultry (these do not come into contact with each other as per plant succeeded in obtaining all certificates required under the applicable EX. Directives including HACK certification. Production was progressively moved to the ewe plant between late 2004 and early 2005. The old premises were then converted into a warehouse and other facilities. It should be noted also that the activities undertaken by the Impressions family went beyond restructuring the company in terms of technology and EX. quality requirements. One important aspect of the change was the recruitment of new staff with appropriate qualifications and experience. In 2004, some 50 new people who had previously worked in plants with similar production systems were employed. One of the most important development steps Getter ever took was to consolidate TTS position on the domestic market by launching its own retail chain. However, development of the retail network was put on hold while the new plant was being built and equipped in line with EX. standards. After 2005, the Mineworkers once again became involved in opening retail outlets and started building their network of wholesale and retail clients. It is interesting to note that Getter does not work with large commercial chains on the domestic market. The reason for this is that the company fears Jeopardizing the goodwill associated with a brand associated with top quality products. The high price the consumer would have to pay for such quality products was another factor that hampered such cooperation. Human Resources Management at Getter The accumulated experiences of Getter with regards to human resources management indicate that filling any knowledge gaps that had been identified within the company has been a core criterion in selecting new employees. This was certainly the case when Getter made the move to expand into cured meats in 1996. A specialist who had the necessary expertise and experience of having previously worked in another meat processing plant was hired. The company owners soon liaised that hiring an experienced professional was the right decision. The same decision was taken when the new HACK certified production plants opened in 2004-2005. Workers previously employed in similar businesses where HACK had been in operation and who possessed the necessary qualifications were hired (approximately 50 people in 2004). Hiring a professional Export Sales Director from another company with extensive past export experience was another major decision the company made when it launched its export business in 2006. It is worth noting that Getter has not always factored in prior meat industry experience when hiring ewe staff. For instance, none of the staff hired in the Domestic Sales Department had ever worked in the meat business before. These people had to learn the basics of the meat industry from the bottom up. Getter uses a variety of sources and meaner to recruit new staff, depending on need. The current practice for less responsible positions such as lower level production workers is to post Job advertisements and then have the Production Manager conduct a recruitment and selection process. Potential employees are often recommended by existing staff members when Job advertisements are published (but only as required). Many of the candidates now applying for these positions are people returning from abroad and who have gained industry experience in other EX. countries. Meanwhile, personal professional and/or positions. The Export Sales Director (who was not only attracted by the financial incentives but by the challenges and the opportunities for professional development) is a case in point. Lukas realizes that the â€Å"business acquaintance factor† will cease to be sufficient in future and that the company will have to turn to professional head- hunting companies to find senior personnel as confidentiality considerations may ole out Job advertisements as a selection tool. Graph One: Getter’s Organizational Structure Lukas is aware that, despite having been successful in building up a good team – evidenced by the relatively low turnover of senior staff and the moderate turnover of junior staff – finding the right people for the right positions, especially senior management positions, is not an easy task. In the case of senior staff, the question of making the right choice is further complicated by the fact that the founders of Getter have been managing the company with their son for a long time. Ceding the rower and authority that they have exercised so far has not been easy. Nor will it be easy to entrust the running of any further large elements their business to a stranger. The transfer of obligations to a person from outside the family always Production plants Domestic Sales Department Getting CEO Lukas Impressions Cured meats plant Administration A network of 25 retail outlets Export Department (Mercy-Meat SP. 0. 0. ) Slaughter plant induces stress and uncertainty as to their management style, but the company’s rapid expansion leaves the Imprecision’s with little choice. Lukas remembers only o well that he and his parent’s were responsible for everything when the new plant was launched in 2004- 2005 and that it took a tremendous personal toll on them. In vie w of the complexity of the venture, they wanted to retain as much power as they could; they wanted to have maximum control over everything that went on within the organization so that they could immediately detect any issues that required improvement. This was a particularly difficult period in their lives. In time outsiders – professionals who began to incrementally take over part of their duties – Joined the many. In 2009, Lukas Impressions was faced with another HER management challenge. His parent’s, who were becoming old and infirm, gradually started to withdraw from the business while leaving the company management in the hands of their son Lukas. He was not exactly alone as one of Illus.’s brothers was now in charge of Getter’s technical operations, although he was not a member of the top management team. His sister and his other brother are still at school and it is hard to say whether they the time being, Lukas is the only Impressions family member entrusted with full authority over the business and responsible for the future of the family company. Getter’s staff management involves a certain amount of trust in its employees and this has contributed to the character of the business. This is exemplified by a casual working style and a lack of strict supervision. This approach is rooted to a great extent in the fact that the owners made it a rule to encourage their employees to feel responsible for their work from the outset. Everyone hired by Getter was apprised of his or her responsibilities immediately. This approach also resulted in the staff identifying strongly with the company. Constantly developing and raising the qualifications of its workforce is an important dimension of the Getter approach to HER. To a large extent, this is achieved through the application of internal resources. Junior workers undergo basic training conducted by more senior workers who hold the necessary licenses. Depending on individual needs, higher level personnel may attend external training courses. This, however, is not common. The scope of internal training at Getter is limited and outsourced training is a rarity (e. G. One training course was devoted to acquiring laity certificates). The Getter CEO deems the existing knowledge base satisfactory but staff development and the need to expand organizational knowledge resources are still major issues. After all, the company is continually expanding. That is why one of the most important tasks on the checklist of things to do in the nearest future is to deal with the issue of employee training in a more efficient and well thought-out manner. As far as the motivation of employees is concerned, money bonuses are the prime motivator at present. No motivation system meeting all staff requirements has yet been devised. Nobody is responsible for HER management at the company at present. Any activities that come under this heading are deemed to be staff-related administrative matters and are handled by two people. The Sales Department Lukas Impressions set up a Sales Department to handle domestic sales at the end of 2004 when he returned to the business after completing his university education. The core activity of the Sales Department is to manage a network of retail outlets in Ammonias Videodisc. Lukas was the brains behind the project. He came up with the idea of establishing such stores in 2001 when he was studying management. Four stores had already been set up by 2004 but creating the Sales Department accelerated the growth of the network. Twenty five outlets had opened by the beginning of 2010 and there are plans afoot to open even more in the very near future. In 2005, Lukas hired Anna to work in the newly created Sales Department and support the development of the retail network. Anna soon turned out to be a valuable employee. She had relatively little experience in sales and little knowledge of the meat sector, but this was more than compensated for by her openness to new challenges and her willingness to get up to speed on the industry. She acted as Illus.’s assistant and, through working together with him, got to know the rules governing the meat market and his management style. For his part, Lukas gave her a free hand over a wide range of activities in view of her rapidly expanding competence and knowledge about both the market and the company. He placed and her creative input in the development of the network was what he valued most. Together they recruited competent store managers and sales assistants for their retail outlets. Anna had a good intuition about people and Lukas consulted her when hiring staff. The selected candidates were always the best choice, thanks to Anna’s excellent knowledge of the company and her insight. Today, her Job description encompasses managing the retail outlets she is in charge of so that they operate efficiently and effectively. Anna is also involved in setting up new outlets. In late 2009 and early 2010, for instance, she was responsible for the opening of 3 new stores, the selection and recruitment of staff (store manager and 4 to 6 sales assistants in each store), the interior decoration and the procedures for having them approved by the relevant authorities (e. G. Sanitary authorities). Lukas delegated most of the contacts with the stores’ various service providers (from contacts with media suppliers to store equipment producers) to her. Apart from all that, all of the store managers report to Anna and she also manages the remainder of the sales team, which currently consists of two other people (one was hired in 2007 and the other in 2010). There are already enough headaches for her now with 25 outlets and roughly 140 employees. Each is employed as a Sales Representative, receives a monthly salary, and is responsible for approximately 8 outlets. They are monitoring the market trends. This particular market has its own idiosyncrasies and is highly volatile, especially when it comes to prices. The sales representatives have to be alert at all times and cannot afford to take their eyes off the competition. The speed with which Getter can react to market changes depends to a great extent on their vigilance. Anna is clearly the De facto head of the Sales Department and is responsible for the company’s retail outlets. Yet it is Lukas who makes all the decisions. He is the one everybody goes to whenever a problem arises and he is the one who comes up with all of the solutions. Anna only takes over once Lukas masticates his solutions to her. But this can take a lot of time and the daily operation of the retail stores is already time consuming enough. Retail Outlets – Key Company Resource Getter owns a network of meat retail outlets which it is intent on developing by opening new outlets and by ensuring that each shop offers high-end customer service, as well as top quality products. Getter shops offer a complete range of pork, beef, poultry and cured meats. The company has supplemented its product range with bread (frequently baked on the premises) and spices to fulfill all the needs of its customers. Getter has been selling a line of CEO meats (a line of 7 â€Å"Premium† high end top quality products with salt as the only preservative) for over a year. Getter guarantees that the meats offered in its retail shops are of the utmost quality. Quality assurance has always been the Impressions families top priority. Getter’s top quality products require the best available employees and the requirements laid down for store staff are strict. That they are selling top quality products and that quality comes at a premium is drilled into them from day one. This applies to sales staff as much as it does to store managers. In practice, this meaner that each and every customer should leave the shop knowing that he or she has Just bought a top-quality product. The staff of each shop consists of a manager and between 4 and 6 sales assistants. Remuneration of shop workers is based on commission. Lukas will visit the shops himself occasionally. This is partly to check whether everything is running smoothly and in line with his expectations, but mostly to meet his staff and customers in person. This is what Lukas says of these visits: â€Å"l like to do a little tour of the shops when there is time. It’s nice to talk to the staff in arson sometimes and to see how our products are showcased, to listen to what our customers have to say about our meat and to talk to them. I often get a chance to meet the staff hired by Anna in person during these visits. † According to Lukas, the potential of the domestic market is still not being fully exploited given the quality of Getter products. He is considering expanding the Ammonias Videodisc retail chain and increasing domestic sales. The company is planning more retail outlets over the next few years. This will mean more sales representatives. The company would like to have one representative per 10 stores. For practical purposes, this will also mean more problems in the daily operation of the Sales Department and the individual stores. The current sales representatives relate well to the company and problems are rare. Not having full control over their work is one nagging concern he has. The more sales representatives, the more supervision they need. And dealing with this problem will chew up a lot of the Sales Director’s time. There are already enough headaches now with 25 outlets and roughly 120 employees. Lukas knows this better than anyone. Some days, every one of the 25 stores will ring him with problems. Everyone knows that Anna is responsible for stores but they still call him. There seems to be a problem in communicating the information that Anna is the person to call for day-to-day problems. This invisible communication barrier will have to go before there can be any more stores. Ukase has also set himself the goal of expanding beyond the existing retail network and establishing a nationwide presence. Virtually all products are sold through company stores. On one hand, because of the high quality of its products, Getter is not interested in working with large retail chains that value price over quality. On the other hand, reaching wholesale stores and wholesale networks who might be interested in selling Getter’s top quality products requires dedicated promotional activities addressed to these stores. Unfortunately, at the moment, there is nobody in the company responsible for market promotion. Apart from a few rudimentary sessions, the company does not engage in this type of promotional activity. There is nobody in the company responsible for producing any kind of catalogue containing a full and up to date product portfolio or for updating the website. Ukase does not eave time to deal with this aspect of the business and all attempts to outsource these services have so far proven disastrous (because, in the Coo’s opinion â€Å"website designers cannot meet the company expectations as the company does not know what it wants†). Another key problem is to nominate a sales team member responsible for handling prospects and answering their questions. Lukas is adamant that the right person for the Job is not him. A Challenge for the CEO of Getter The business development plans for Getter and the requirements they generate have made it clear to the CEO that the decision to appoint a Sales Director and revealing state of affairs where Anna is unofficially responsible for the department and the retail chain is highly inefficient. Lukas has often found himself, and not Anna, as the primary contact person when problems have arisen. It goes without saying that the decision to have the Sales Department managed professionally has to be taken soon but the question of how to find the right candidate for the position remains unanswered. At first viewing, Anna seems to be the obvious candidate. She has the longest period of service in the Sales Department, she is familiar with the Coo’s management style, she knows the company inside out and her intuition has been vindicated on the numerous occasions that she has selected the best candidates for Getter. She was also actively and effectively involved in setting up the retail chain. Unfortunately, Lukas believes that there is a huge question mark hanging over her. Lukas is uncertain about Anna’s future and her commitment to the Sales Department as she is considering having another baby. He knows from prior experience that when her child needs attention, Anna has to leave work to deal with the matter, so having another child would possibly add to this difficulty. Lukas knows that he could be accused of being sexist for thinking this but he suspects every owner of an SEEM goes through this dilemma. He also knows that he should judge Anna’s ability to do the Job based on her professional abilities and not on her personal life. He believes that he is an understanding person with a positive attitude towards other people but he wonders if he can let his family business be affected by any competing claims on Anna’s time that parenthood brings. Employing someone from outside of the company might be problematic because of Getter’s location. Both the company and the production plant are situated near mall cities like Pullouts or Castro? ¬aka, both approximately 100 km from Warsaw. Another issue with employing an outsider is that the successful candidate would have to pick up the specifics of the company and start thinking â€Å"the Getter way’ very quickly. This is crucial as Getter’s products are of very high quality, which translates into higher prices, which in turn makes the acquisition of new clients harder than it would be in the case of regular quality meat (large chain stores are more interested in low prices than quality). The potential Sales Director should have experience in the eat industry and a sound knowledge of the market. He or she also needs to have ‘know-how, which is what Getter needs most at this moment. Another question is how would Anna react when she finds out that a new Sales Director is being recruited from outside? Will this denominate her or, in the worst case scenario, prompt her to leave the company? Lukas has to decide how to conduct the recruitment process and what resources should he use – head hunters, press advertisements or some other option? The CEO is also faced with the challenge of devising and implementing effective control mechanisms for the new Sales Director ND the Department. On one hand, these measures should give the director a large degree of autonomy, but on the other they need to give Lukas a sense of security that the department is working effectively and that the results meet the expectations of the company’s owners. This is especially important given that the development of the retail outlets is one of Getter’s key objects. Lukas feels that it is important for the new monitoring mechanism not to Jeopardize its identity of a family company and great deal of freedom but, at the same time, he has made sure that everyone knows the precise scope of their responsibility. Impressions is aware that the company’s further growth may render this approach inadequate and make effective control mechanisms necessary. Ukase has attempted to make internal company communication more formal. In view of the specificity of the market and the considerable price fluctuations of meat products, management needs to be apprised of such matters as soon as new information becomes available if the company is to function effectively. The solutions adopted tussah have proved ineffective. The current regimen of sales staff meetings held every Monday or every other Monday is not producing the expected results. Either the meetings are cancelled because something urgent crops up or the volume of data collected by the sales representatives is so great that it is difficult to extract the most important facts and figures. The next area that needs to be worked out is the design and implementation of support procedures for the retail outlets. Some problems are not limited to a single store, as can be seen from the company’s track record. Therefore, the development of a single manual or code of conduct containing ways of dealing with the most frequently encountered problems would streamline the work of both store managers ND Sales Department staff. It would also give them more time to spend on other tasks. The Sales Director would also benefit as he or she could finally focus on expanding the retail chain and looking for new locations. Officially delegating the management of the Sales Department onto a newly appointed manager wo How to cite Shopping mall, Papers

Parts of Speech Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Parts of Speech Argumentative Essay Identify Parts of Speech 1 It is not important that you be able to identify every part of speech in every sentence. You have developed a sufficient command of the tools of the trade, or the parts of speech, if you can identify the part of speech of each word underlined in the paragraphs below. Observe how the words are used in these sentences before filling in the blanks with noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, or conjunction. The world is full of highly competent, intelligent, and well-trained people who honestly intend to do things tomorrow. They tend to be low achievers; they are not the people who develop interesting and rewarding careers. High achievers in business, technical, and professional fields have a sense of urgency about getting things done. If you lack this sense of urgency, NOW is the time to start developing it. See how the word is used in the sentence. Then write the part of speech in the blank. world _____________ is _________________ of ____________________ highly ____________________ competent _______________________ people _________________________ who ___________________ onestly ________________________ They _________________________ the ______________________ develop _________________________ and ______________________ rewarding ____________________ in ________________________ professional __________________ have ____________ If _____________ you _______________________ lack ______________________ this _______________ it _____________ Identify Parts of Speech 2 See how the word is used in the senten ce. Then write the part of speech—noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, or conjunction—in the blank. If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him. Identify Parts of Speech 3 Circle the conjunctions in the following sentences: I. Dont wait for perfect conditions before taking action. 2. Gears tend to go away when we confront them. 3. After you have decided the areas you want to work on, you need to set goals. 4. Although learning is often not easy, Ithacan still be enjoyable. 5. Define your goals specifically so that youll know exactly what you want to accomplish. (two. Word conjunction and one-word conjunction) Identify Parts of Speech 4 A. Compose five sentences about members of your family our friends, The sentences should tell about their appearance, personality, or character and may be about one or several people, Each sentence should have 10 to IS words. 6. Write one noun from each sentence: 7. Write all the verbs here: 8. If you used any adjectives, write them here: 9. If you used any adverbs, write them here: 10, If you used any prepositions, write them here: 11. If you used any conjunctions, write them here: 12. If you used any pronouns, write them here:

The necklace free essay sample

This short story is centered on Mathilde Loisel, a charming and beautiful young woman who was born in a less fortunate economic status. She met a young man from the Ministry of Education who would provide her with a very modest lifestyle. She was very dedicated to the concept of marriage, but often fantasizes of a grand elaborate dinners served on fine china and eating in the company of well to do friends. Grand thoughts of this nature captivated her thoughts on a daily basis and motivated her self-esteem. This paper will display how Mathilde Loisel was driven by her fantasies to be wealthy and a part of the aristocratic society in her daily life. Mathilde Loisel has one wealthy friend by the name of Madame Forestier, but she avoids visiting with her because of the disappointment it will bring. Her husband realized her dilemma to be a part of aristocratic society and presented her one night with an invitation to a party held by the Ministry of Education. We will write a custom essay sample on The necklace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His intent was that Mathilde would be ecstatic about the opportunity to attend the gala, but instead she became immediately distressed, and broke down in tears. She began to tell him her reason for her reaction and communicated that she did not possess that appropriate clothing for such an event. Also, she felt that he should give the invitation to someone else who can better afford to wear better clothing. Alarmed by her response, her husband asked, â€Å"How much a suitable dress would cost?† (Maupassant, 1989). After careful deliberation, he communicated to her that he would come up with the sum of 400 francs in order to purchase the dress. As time progressed, her mannerisms began to change and now she focused on her lack of jewels for the party. Initially her husband asked, why not wear flowers, but she emphatically resisted. So he made the suggestion, why not borrow some jewels from Madame Forestier and see if she would agree to lend them to her on a temporary basis. Much to the surprise of Mathilde, Madame Forestier agreed, and loaned her the jewels; she chose a diamond necklace. She was so elated by the generosity of Madame Forestier that she was overcome with gratitude. When the gala commenced, Mathilde  felt that she was the most beautiful woman at the event and everyone’s eyes were glued to her. She was overwhelmed with attention and floored by her sense of satisfaction. Once the event was over, Monsieur Loisel; garnered a cab and returned home. When Mathilde arrived home, she uncloaked her wrap and realized the necklace was gone from her neck. After several hours of searching, her husband returned in a great panic citing that he had not found the necklace. Subsequently he communicated to her, â€Å"write to Madame Forestier and say that she has broken the clasp or the necklace and is getting it mended.† (Maupassant, 1989). After a week of searching for the necklace, the two surmised that the best course of action was to replace the necklace. Instead of asking Madame Forestier the cost of the necklace as to not alarm her of its disappearance, they proceeded to visit with an abundance of jewelers until they were able to find a reasonable facsimile. The cost of the necklace was 40,000 francs, but the jeweler was gracious enough to part with it for 36,000 francs. Monsier Loisel worked feverishly to locate the money to purchase the necklace. After purchasing the necklace, Mathilde returned the jeweled piece to Madame Forestier. Much to Madame Forestier’s dismay, it had taken so long for Mathilde to return the necklace, and she never inspected the piece. Mathilde was relieved that she did not take the time to look. The Loisels initiated a long life of poverty based on their attempt to replace the necklace. They were forced to move to a lesser size apartment, take on extra jobs, and heavy housework for the next ten years. Over time Mathilde’s beauty had diminished and the many years of hardship had taken its toll. While out for a stroll, she spotted Madame Forestier and Mathilde reminded of their acquaintance; attempted to explain the dilemma with her necklace. Finally, Madame Forestier explained to her that the piece she had given her was just a piece of costume jewelry. Based on the issues in this short story there was much to be learned. The Loisels should have communicated that the piece of jewelry was lost between the function and the ride home. The two parties should have engaged in dialogue to search for the best course of action to resolve the situation amicably. Instead, they proceeded with what they thought was the best course of action. The intent cost them what seemed to be a lifetime of grief and misery over what was later revealed to be costume jewelry. In closing, I have demonstrated how aspirations on a small scale can become a catastrophe  caused by lack of communication and a lack of self-esteem. It cost Madame Matilde Loisel and Mousier Loisel many years of hardship and beauty for something she could have averted. Reaching for things in life that are above your means can be costly if you are not careful. It may cost you your soul if you are not careful. The Necklace free essay sample ‘The Necklace† is a popular story. Discuss the features that make the necklace a popular story. â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant is a well-known short story around the world. It was first published in the Paris newspaper Le Gaulois on February 17, 1884. The Necklace† features a young, beautiful woman in a social situation that she finds distasteful. Mathilde Loisel attempts to escape her social situation in life, but her scheming actions ultimately doom her. Some of the features that make this short story popular are an ironical beginning and ending, the third person narration style, climax and relevant themes. In this short story the author uses an ironical beginning and ending to contribute to success. Irony occurs when we predict about the happenings in a story, then the story takes a turn and the complete opposite of the prediction occurs. Guy de Maupassant uses ironical situations in his story to retain his readers interest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Necklace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, in the first paragraph he uses irony, â€Å"With no dowry, no prospects, no possibility of becoming known, appreciated, loved, of finding a wealthy and distinguished husband. And so she settled for a petty clerk in the Ministry of Education. † This quote is situational irony because when the author uses the words prosperous and famous, the reader would expect the husband to be much more then just a minor clerk. The largest use of irony was in the last sentence of the story. â€Å"Madame Foreister, deeply moved, took hold Madame Loisel’s hands. ‘Oh, my poor Mathilde! My necklace was paste. It was worth at most five hundred francs! ’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The author surprises the reader very much by having the twist at the end of the story. The reader would expect Madame Foreister to be angry with Mathilde, for not telling her the truth earlier, but she is surprised to hear that Mathilde and her husband had spent ten years repaying their debts for buying the real, thirty-six thousand francs necklace to replace only a fake. Therefore, the use of irony in this story does serve its purpose. Secondly the style of a third person narration was an influential feature in making this story popular. â€Å"The Necklace is fully told by a third-person who avoids judging the characters or any of their actions. The narrator does have access to the characters thoughts, and mentions that Madame Loisel is unhappy because she feels that she married below her status. But for the most part, the narrator simply describes the events of the story, leaving it up to the reader to determine the nature of the characters through their actions. â€Å"Now one evening, her husband came home exuberantly, clutching a large envelope. â€Å" Look,† he said, â€Å"here’s something for you. † She ripped it open and pulled out a printed card bearing these words: † Most of all, the narrator is concerned with Madame Loisel. Though most of the story concerns the events surrounding the ball, the narrator recounts her birth into a humble family, her marriage, and also the many years of poverty they suffer afterward as a result of losing the necklace. â€Å"Madame Loisel now knew the horrible life of necessity. However, she did her part, thoroughly, heroically. The ghastly debt had to be re-paid. She would repay it. They dismissed the maid; they moved to a garret. She performed the gross household task † This skillful narration into a simply presented story makes the story popular and interesting. It also enables the author to maintain the suspense of the story to keep the reader thinking till the last word. Moreover, climax is yet another crucial feature that effectively contributes to the popularity of the story â€Å"The Necklace†. The climax is the turning point in a story. In the Short story ‘The Necklace’ there are two major turning points. First, when the main character Mathilde realizes that she had lost the Necklace. â€Å"She turned toward him, panic – stricken: â€Å"I †¦ I†¦I don’t have Madame Forestier’s necklace. † † This particular incident raises a major conflict in the story as it further worsens the main characters family tatus. Second climax and the most interesting turning point occurs when the worn out woman learns that she has spent ten years buying a diamond necklace to replace a costume jewelry one. â€Å" Oh, my poor Mathilde! My necklace was paste. It was worth at most five hundred francs! † † Therefore, by employing two major climaxes in this story â€Å"The Necklace†, Guy De Maupassant has certainly made the story an exciting and a worthwhile one. Furthermore, as in any literature there are many relevant themes that the writer Guy De Maupassant portrays in this short story. The first theme that I would like to discuss is materialism. Guy De Maupassant in the short story â€Å"The Necklace,† portrays how most of us live in a materialistic world. Many people in society live a life similar to that of Mathilde’s. Maupassant presents how materialism can be deceiving through the sorrows and trouble of Mathilde for not being wealthy even though she lived a prosperous life. We in our daily lives also come across many people who are not happy with what they have, even though they are very fortunate. Thus issue is very relevant to the individuals on our society, just like the characters of â€Å"The Necklace†. Every person here always has something to look up to in a material world of theirs. Secondly another major theme used in this story to make it popular is appearances and reality. In the story The Necklace Guy De Manhassant’s present’s the theme â€Å"beauty is truth, truth is beauty. Madame Loisel is beautiful, but she is not content. She has the appearance of beauty but not the reality (or truth) of beauty. She is pretty and charming, but she is also unhappy with her life and believes that she deserves more. Living modestly with her husband before the ball, Madame Loisel believes she is suffering a terrible injustice by having few luxuries. In fact, she does not experience the reality of poverty until she and her husband go into debt to pay off the necklace. The necklace itself represents the theme of appearances versus reality. It also portrays that the society accepts the appearance is our real self while in reality it is not the true reflection of us. For instance at the ball everyone was able to notice her because of her appearance. â€Å"All the men gazed at her, asked for her name, and tried to get introduced. All the cabinet attaches wanted to waltz with her. The minister noticed her. † It was all because of her outside appearance and not the inner beauty that lied in her. Thus, the use of relevant themes has contributed greatly in the success of this short story as through these themes the readers are able to relate the story to their life and therefore improve their life for the betterment. Finally all these and many other features of this short story have made it popular.

7 Amazing Healthcare Jobs That Dont Need a Bachelors Degree

7 Amazing Healthcare Jobs That Dont Need a Bachelors Degree healthcare jobs are expanding and will continue to do so in the coming years. the good news is that there are a number of healthcare jobs that do not require that you go back to school to earn  a bachelor’s degree. many of these jobs offer good pay with benefits and a secure future, since demand will continue to grow as baby boomers age and the population grows. coach for nutrition and dietnutrition degrees generally require you to have attended  college and can sometimes include advanced degrees. however, a job as a coach requires only a training program of one year. with the rise in society’s interest in  nutrition and diet, this might be a good field to explore.dental assistantaccording to second act careers, a dental assistant may learn skills by working on  the job itself. speaking to patients about oral hygiene, performing  x-rays and other tasks ordered by the dentist are common duties associated with this job. if you want to learn about this job throug h formal education, schooling should take a year or less.personal care assistantthis is a fast-growing career, and demand is likely to increase as the population grows older. a job as a personal care assistant may include helping an individual bathe or dress, preparing meals, running errands and taking the person to medical appointments. education for  this job is short-term, and most can be  learned while performing the job.phlebotomy technicianif you aren’t someone who faints at the sight of blood, becoming a phlebotomy technician may be the right job for you. most of these jobs are in hospital settings. a  phlebotomist’s responsibility is to draw blood and take proper care of the samples. after you have had 45 hours of training through classes and 30 hours of experience through hands-on training, you can become  certified by taking an exam.ekg technicianyou can get employment as an ekg technician in hospitals, private cardiologists’ offices, and in re hab programs. after you have taken around 20 hours of instruction inside a classroom and gained hands-on skills for around another 20 hours, you can take the exam to get certified.medical assistantbecoming a medical assistant or looking for medical receptionist jobs means you will have to become familiar with medical terminology.  this job will have you doing medical secretary work such as making and confirming office appointments, managing the doctor’s schedule, and greeting patients. to become a medical assistant, you will probably need to complete  a postsecondary training program that takes around one year. the job outlook for medical office jobs is higher than many future jobs.veterinary technicianan individual who doesn’t want to work with people but loves animals might like to become a veterinary technician. becoming a vet tech requires an associate’s degree. the job outlook is expected to grow much faster than many other jobs, and you get to spend yo ur time around cute pets. what could be better?job opportunities in healthcare are expanding and expected to continue, so this might be the right time to get into a career in some part of this expansive field. thejobnetwork can help by sending you listings of jobs in the healthcare or other fields as they come up. all you do is fill out your job wishes and qualifications and thejobnetwork operates around the clock to send you alerts as jobs matching your description arise. sign up for job match alert to find the health care job that is right for you.

A Tongue-Twisting Language Arts Lesson Plan

A Tongue-Twisting Language Arts Lesson Plan Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers! She Sells Seashells by the Seashore! Toy Boat! Toy Boat! Toy Boat! Try saying these words several times quickly and youll see why tongue twisters can be a totally terrific part of your Language Arts curriculum. Not only are they silly, but these funny phrases focus on phonics, parts of speech, oral language, alliteration, reading, writing, and more. First, pique the childrens interest by introducing them to some of the more well-known tongue twisters. Challenge the children to say each phrase five times fast. Toy Boat is a great one because it sounds easy, but its actually quite difficult to repeat it fast. Try it yourself and see! Next, read a tongue-twisting book such as Twimericks, Dr. Seuss Oh Say Can You Say?, or Worlds Toughest Tongue Twisters. The kids will love watching you struggle through the tongue-tickling phrases from these books. You will probably have to stop every so often to give the kids a chance to practice the twisters. Its simply too irresistible to them if they have to wait. After the book, introduce the concept of alliteration. If you teach students in second grade or older, they will probably be able to handle this big word. In fact, it is a third grade academic standard in my district that all students know alliteration and begin to apply it in their writing. Alliteration simply means the repetition of the beginning sound in two or more words together. Younger students can build on the letter decoding skills included in tongue twisters by reading phonics poems in books such as the Phonics Through Poetry series. These poems are a little different than traditional tongue twisters, but they are a fun way to practice certain beginning sounds, rhymes, digraphs, and more. You may also want to discuss what makes these sentences and phrases so difficult to pronounce quickly. To build in writing practice, the students will have a blast building their own tongue twisters. To start, you can have the kids make four columns on their papers: one for adjectives, one for nouns, one for verbs, and one for other parts of speech. To determine the letter for their twisters, I usually just have them pick one of their initials. This gives them a little bit of free choice, but also ensures that you dont get 20 twisters of the same letter. After the children brainstorm approximately 10-15 words for each column that begin with their chosen letters, they can start putting together their twisters. I stipulate that they have to write complete sentences, not simple phrases. My students got so carried away that many of them asked if they could make more than one. I even had one child who made 12! To culminate the tongue twisting lesson, I have the kids write one twister on the bottom of a page and illustrate it above. These make a great project to post on a bulletin board because the children will love reading each others sentences and trying to say them five times fast. Give this tongue-twisting lesson a try and its sure to become one of your favorite lessons to teach each year. Yes, its a little silly and full of giggles, but at the end of the day, the kids really will have gained valuable language arts skills.

Instrumentation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Instrumentation - Lab Report Example Two probes of a voltmeter can be connected to the plate in opposite directions to the other sides of the plates [1]. When there is no magnetic field perpendicular to the plate, as shown in situation (a) in In case where there is a magnetic field present, the voltmeter will show a reading as shown in the (b) part of the diagram. This phenomenon is known as the Hall-effect. A Hall probe can be used to measure the Hall-effect that was demonstrated above [2]. When an electric current runs in a conductor in a magnetic field, a traversal force is exerted [2] on the charge carriers by the magnetic field. Therefore the charge carriers are pushed on one side of the conductor [2] as shown in the (b) part of the diagram. This phenomenon was discovered by E. H. Hall in 1879 [2]. This is the basic principle used in the operations of Hall-effect devices. A sensor used for measuring thickness or the compactness based on Hall-effect has been developed; this sensor is called in situ sensor [3]. Whenever there is a change in the magnetic force being applied, the Hall sensor, which is works as a transducer [3], generates an output voltage. This output is variable and is dependent upon the thickness of the material being measured and the force of magnetic field being applied. The distance between the sensor and the magnetic source is the main determinant of the output voltage [3]. Vacuum failure and vacuum bag leaks can be detected with the use of the sensor [3]. This sensor is primarily used in the quality control departments and cure cycle [3] of the factories producing different material which need a reliable sensor. Most of the times, the sensor is paired with a monitoring device to demonstrate the readings. For the purpose of online monitoring and compaction of a curing composite, the sensor is quite successful. This device is being used in the quality control departments and the manufacturing departments of many businesses. They

Human Resource Management Practice in the UK private security industry Essay

Human Resource Management Practice in the UK private security industry - Essay Example heir employer’s investment, ensure that laws are followed and implemented, and apart from preventing many other problems they prevent criminal activity (Brewster, 1994). The security personnel are expected to behave as a part of the culture of the organization and process information to protect the interests of their employers and suggest improvements in the infrastructure. This requires them to have good judgement and common sense as they need to follow directives given to them and moreover may be required to testify in courts. Their instinctual development and insights make them respond to emergencies effectively and take charge of the situation in a can do attitude while directing others to safety. Either in groups or working alone or being assisted by technology, the security personnel have to be solely responsible of any situation that calls for their immediate response (Brewster, 1994). Based on the needs and requirements of the industry and the dynamic way the companies progress, the recruitment and selection processes of these companies are made to follow government regulations and internal policies to ensure service and recruitment of personnel (Bratton, 2001). As human resource development has progressed so has the recruitment and selection process as well. The standards that are set professionally by the industrial psychologists suggest that the selection system has to be backed by a comprehensive job analysis to relate the selection criteria with the job requirement. The main requirements for the selection process are based on the knowledge of the applicant that is directly related to the job requirement. Furthermore, the assessment of the abilities and other characteristics of the recruits are evaluated for successful performance (Bratton, 2001). The objective of hiring personnel in security agencies to provide solutions to companies is to match the requirements while ensuring a profitable return on investment. The process of recruitment revolves

The Eiffel Tower Essay Example for Free

The Eiffel Tower Essay You couldnt possibly visit Paris without seeing the Eiffel Tower. Even if you do not want to visit this world famous structure, you will see its top from all over Paris. The tower rises 300 meters tall (984 ft); when it was completed at the end of the 19th century it was twice as high as the Washington Monument, at the time the tallest structure in the world. 1889 World Exhibition The Eiffel Tower was built for the World Exhibition in 1889, held in celebration of the French Revolution 1789, The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII of England, opened the tower. Of the 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, Gustave Eiffels was unanimously chosen. The construction was only meant to last for the duration of the Exposition, but it still stands today, despite all protests from contemporary artists who feared the construction would be the advent of structures without individuality and despite the many people who feared that this huge object would not fit into the architecture of Paris. Today, there is no such aversion anymore among the Parisians, and one could not imagine Paris without the Eiffel Tower, in fact it has become the symbol of the City of Light. Gustave Eiffel The man behind the Eiffel Tower was Gustave Eiffel, known from his revolutionary bridge building techniques, as employed in the great viaduct at Garabit in 1884. These techniques would form the basis for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. He was also known for the construction of the Statue of Libertys iron framework. The structure took more than two years to complete. Each one of the about 12,000 iron pieces were designed Separately to give them exactly the shape needed. All pieces were prefabricated and fit together using approx. 7 million nails. Eiffel Tower was designed and built in just two years by 132 workers and 50 engineers. The Eiffel Tower is nowadays 324 meters high with television antennas. It weights 7300 tons. The first floor of the Eiffel Tower is 57 meters and 360 steps from the ground. The second floor is 115 meters and 1060 steps from the ground. The third floor is 274 meters from the ground. It is only accessible by lift to the general public. They are altogether 1710 steps up to the third floor. The Eiffel Tower was planned to be demolished in 1909. It was saved at the last moment and turned into a telecommunication tower. The Eiffel Tower is now undoubtedly one of the most famous monuments in the whole world. It welcome 7 million visitors each year, which makes it the most visited paid monument in the world.

Cold War :: essays papers

Cold War Discuss the Cold War events of the 1950’s. The 1950’s full of events and conflicts, the main one being the Cold War between the USA and the USSR. Events that lead up to the extreme tension during the cold war, were relations with the Vietnamese. The Vietnam War took place over a battle for communistic prevention. The fear of communism spreading tied in with the relations dealing with the USSR’s communistic society. In Europe there were revolts against communism as well. East Germany was revolting in 1953, along with Poland and Hungary in 1956, who got crushed by the Soviet army. The American government did not interfere with these conflicts for fear of starting a war. The Cold War also took place in the Middle East. Both Jews and Arabs proclaimed it as their homeland. While supporting Israel, the American Government worked to prevent other stronger, oil-rich countries from falling into communist rule. In addition to this was when the American and British forces, cut off aid to Egypt, due to the fact that the ruler that was seeking Soviet support. In 1956 British and French forces attacked Egypt to gain control of the Suez-Canal. Reacting to this situation the USSR, threatened the US and Britain, so Eisenhower persuaded his allies to withdraw. The Cold War also took place in Latin America. USA spread their influence into South America, setting up American organizations in South American, the US could stick a foot in the door of communism. When the Americans overthrew the Guatemalan government, the Soviet Union got furious. They felt that the American Government was escalating the Cold War. In 1958 Fidel Castro overthrew the present Cuban dictator, resulting in the United States becoming angry again.

Marketing Plan for Toyota Prius Essay

1. Executive Summary Toyota Motors is preparing to launch the new Toyota Prius Hybrid. The Prius will be using the Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) with features combining highly efficient petrol engine and an electric motor. The electric vehicle (EV) allows the Prius to run purely for low noise and zero fuel consumption (Toyota Company, 2012). Due to the ever increasing presence of green revolution, Toyota Motors wants to take advantage of the potential increase in demand for hybrid vehicles (Boschert, 2007). Having been voted the World’s No 1 Hybrid in 2010 (Toyota, 2013), Toyota Motors have made an executive decision to continue producing the Prius, giving the world its first mass-produced hybrid car. As a result, even before launching this new product it is important for Toyota Motors to prepare strategic marketing place so that the Toyota Prius can impact the marketplace. 2. Current Marketing Situation 1. Product Let us take a look at the Prius with respect to its exterior, interior, performance, safety and price (Toyota Company, 2013). Exterior: The Prius has a distinct design shaped by using a comprehensive approach to aerodynamic theory and performance, contributing to its powerful performance and outstanding fuel efficiency. Interior: The interior of the Prius expresses the spirit of innovation which is warm and inviting. The Prius is fully equipped with soft lines which flow around the occupants as passengers and drivers alike relax comfortably. Performance: The Prius is a combination of highly efficient engine with a fully equipped electric motor. The HSD provides a smooth, responsive performance which includes low fuel consumption and low exhaust emission. Safety: The Prius ensures peace of mind. This means that it is fully equipped with active and passive safety measures that integrate the use of advanced technologies; helping to ensure the highest level of safety. Price: The Prius is currently priced at RM 139,915 with insurance for consumers in Peninsular Malaysia. As technology for the Prius increase, Toyota will surely lower its market price so as to make it more affordable for consumers. 2. Market data According to a survey done by J. D. Power published in 2012, almost 23% of respondents have indicated that the next car they would buy or lease would most likely be a hybrid car such as the Prius (Tuttle, 2013). Toyota being the top manufacturing hybrid car company has certainly managed to push beyond its original niche status and become a best seller across the globe. 3. Competition The Prius continues to face intense competition from other automakers. One of Toyota’s main competitors is Ford. Ford has recently launched the C-Max. The C-Max has been impressive recording higher sales than the Prius V (Turtle, 2013). In January 2013, Bloomberg reports that Ford hybrid sales have increased five-fold. Ford has sold 6000 hybrids in January 2013 as compared to only 1200 in January 2012 (Trudell, 2013). Erich Merkle, Ford’s sales analyst has even reported that â€Å"we are looking toward 2013 as being a record sales year for our hybrid vehicles.† Also, Ford’s market share has increased from 7% in 2012 to 16% in 2013. 4. Macro-Environment We will be using the PESTLE analysis as a tool to clearly identify and analyze the key drivers of change in the business environment (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008. As stated by Orfano, this PESTLE tool allows the assessing of the current environment and potential changes (Orfano, 2011). We shall look at these 6 factors based on the research done by Sin and co (Sin, 2012). Political Factors: The Prius has a positive political impact because by manufacturing these hybrid cars, a country reduces the dependence on petrol. This is true for countries that do not produce oil. Economic Factors: Consumers will begin to select the Prius because of the fuel savings over time benefits. Also, the cost of insurance and road tax for the Prius is relatively lower that a normal gasoline car. Social Factors: Since change in the climate is a serious issue, Toyota should produce a vehicle which will not bring pollution to the environment. Although the Prius is significantly higher in value than conventional cars, with technology increasing in the near future it is very likely that the price of the Prius will decline accordingly as the Prius’ technology become more familiar. Technological Factors: Hachman suggests the technology used in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles is the idea of using the batter powered car. The recharging time is one and a half hours for 240V AC or three hours for 120V AC. The plug-in will switch to hybrid mode, providing an estimated 49 miles per gallon (Hachman, 2011). In order to increase mileage, the Prius is built from a body of lightweight materials such as carbon fiber, aluminum, magnesium and titanium. Legal Factors: According to the United States department of energy lead programs office (LPO), it encourages advance clean energy technologies. This is to contribute meaningfully to the objectives of including job creation, reducing dependency on foreign oil, improving environmental legacy and enhancing American competitiveness in the global economy of the 21st century (U.S. Department of Energy, 2005). Environmental Factors: The Prius unlike other cars does not produce gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon and lead which can cause many health problems. Not only does the Prius, provide a public benefit but at the same times it does not compromise on its safety, quality and functionality. 3. SWOT Analysis It is importance to identify Toyota’s organizational strengths and weakness together with its opportunities and threats. The ultimate goal is to identify Toyota’s core competencies – things that Toyota has or does relatively well as compared with competitors (Schermerhorn, 2011). |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Best fuel efficiency of any midsize car |Fuel economy varies and optimization requires careful driving | |Spacious interior |Premium price compared to similar non-hybrid cars | |Good performance compared to non-hybrid vehicles |Other cars are available in the same price range with significantly | |Comfortable |higher performance | |Quiet at all speeds |Requires more energy to build than comparable non-hybrid cars | |Smoother transmission than most other cars | | |Appeal of latest technology | | |Minimal impact on environment | | |Excellent scoring on crash test | | |Opportunities |Threats | |It is likely that petroleum will cost more in the future as supplies|High mileage clean diesel based cars are becoming more available and| |diminish which may increase demand |will grab market share | |Awareness of environmental concerns is growing |Other hybrids such as the Ford C-Max will soon enter the market | |Sales are likely to spread new markets in developing cou ntries over |Toyota’s recent negative press and widespread recalls are likely to | |time |scare some potential buyers. | (Halbright, 2010) 4. Objectives Increase awareness of Toyota Prius by 50% in the next 3 years targeting new markets in developing countries. Increase total sales of Toyota Prius by 40% by the end of 2013 (Refer to Appendix: Note 1) Invest substantially in positioning a distinctive Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) projecting low noise and zero fuel consumption. Start positioning Toyota Prius as an environmental friendly family car. 5. Marketing Strategy Creative Strategy: The Toyota Prius offers features that no other car offers. This in itself is its unique selling point and should be emphasized in market promotions. As a start to achieve the increase in awareness, promotion should concentrate on the education aspect. Communication Mix: As for communicating the Prius, two factors should be considered a) the type of product (high involvement) and the stage in the product life cycle (introduction). With regards to high involvement, personal selling is important because it provides more conviction of purchase. Personal selling will be carried out by the local car dealers who need to have sufficient knowledge on the Prius. Personal selling will also include targeting corporate companies or fleet buying segment. As for the stage in the product life cycle, sales promotion is most effective trigger for a purchase. Sales promotions are useful at the beginning of the product life cycle to increase acceptance or provoke a test drive. Media Strategy: The internet plays an important role. A direct mail will be sent to potential buyers and enable buyers to purchase the Prius online which would include a downloadable e-brochure. All advertisements will bear the Prius web address to make it easy for buyers to find it. Besides that, print adverts will be placed in quality newspapers especially those newspapers with weekend car editions such as The Star, New Straits Times, The Sun etc. Also, since the television is a good medium to target a wider audience it should be a priority. The TV stations would include TV3, NTV7 etc. Not forgetting outdoor billboards positioned at specific junctions. This could be complemented with a TV and print advertising where it is visible for potential buyers to see. Pre-Launch: This is crucial to get potential buyers excited about the new and upcoming Prius. Focusing on the pre-launch could potential determine how well the Prius sells. Consequently, an aura of excitement should be built from social media, direct mail, advertising, television adverts etc. This would also create awareness for the product that has a long purchase cycle and a long decision time. 6. Action Programs Subsequently the action program will be over a span of 3 years. So as to align our action program with our objectives, our marketing strategies will directly plan to achieve the objectives in which we set out. (The breakdown of the action program is attached in the Appendix: Note 2-4) 7. Projected Profit and Loss Statements The Projected Profit and Loss Statement would project a gross profit of RM 172,787.50. This comes from a projected unit sale of 2,500 units. (The breakdown of the Projected Profit and Loss Statement is attached in the Appendix: Note 5) 8. Controls So as to maximize the return on the marketing plan, there needs to be controls in place to monitors the plans progress (Anderson, 2013). Customer Feedback: To monitor the marketing plan, Toyota needs to monitor customer feedback through polls and surveys. Toyota can reach our buyers indirectly through hosting online polls on the Internet. Consequently, surveys can be done with marketing groups or via individual interviews by phone or in person. Target Market Sales: The Toyota Prius sales can be measured by the units sold. This is also done through market survey or at the point of sale. For example, if the target market is male ages 40 to 50, then market sales reports would monitor sales made to that group. On the other hand, if sales are down, then further market research would need to identify sales made to that group. Budgeting: This would include printing expense, travel expenses for trade shows, cost of market research studies and internal personnel costs. These costs would need to be closely monitored to minimize spending and maximize profitability. Market Share: Toyota would need to control market share which is the percentage of consumer sales dominated by the Prius. According to Turtle, the Toyota Prius market share decrease from 68% in 2012 to 60% in 2013 (Turtle, 2013). Subsequently, Toyota would need to increase market share and continue to place the Prius’ stamp in the marketplace.

James Jarvis Essay

In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country there is two protagonists, Reverend Stephen Kumalo, and James Jarvis. Both characters play significant roles to the story but James Jarvis’ situation is noteworthy and inspirational. James is an influential, dynamic character because his opinion dramatically changes upon reading his son’s manuscript. A series of events influences James to shift his mindset into the mindset of his son. An analysis on James Jarvis’ changing mindset reveals that his son’s manuscript, realizing his shortcomings, and Reverend Kumalo are all things that cause him to change drastically. When James’ son, Arthur, dies he visits Arthur’s home and finds his incomplete manuscript. When reading his writings, James finds that his son would have risked anything to help other people, and ended up doing just that. Although James is hurt by the fact that Arthur writes about his parents in a negative way â€Å"..But of South Africa I learned nothing at all.† (207), James takes the criticism and improves from it by continuing his son’s battle. James discovers that his son researches tremendously on the problems of their society, and was seeking help in the development of the social structure in South Africa. Arthur’s house contains hundreds of books and â€Å"†¦between the books there were four pictures, of Christ crucified, and Abraham Lincoln, and the white gabled house of Vergelegen, and a painting of leafless willows by a river in a wintry veld.† (176) From these pictures of Jesus, Lincoln, the gabled hose, and the leafless will ow discloses the symbolism that Arthur admires. Jesus and Lincoln were men of action; they showed love for their friends, and at the same time, their enemies. These two men suffered and died for their beliefs, the same way Arthur did. A water willow represents freedom, therefore, it can be concluded that the painting of the leafless willows represents a loss of freedom for the blacks in South Africa and how Arthur wants to gain their freedom back and help them get equal rights. When his son is shot and killed, James gets to finally know and understand him and his values. â€Å"Jarvis filled his pipe slowly, and listened to the tale of his, to this tale of a stranger† (172). James reads his sons speeches and understands his country’s segregation, relieving him of his ignorance. This comparison enables James to better understand his son and realize how concerned and devoted Arthur was for a change in humanity. After James discovers his son’s views, James starts to realize his shortcomings, and realizes that the problems of others and not only of his own. James begins to help the minority. Since his son’s death and the acquaintance of Stephen, James donates 1000 pounds to the African boy’s club. Jarvis is not just giving the money as a gift; instead he gives the money to the club because he knew the club would improve the country’s condition. Using his son’s views again, James decides to do something about Kumalo’s village, which is falling apart. He sends milk for the children, an agricultural expert, and builds a church for Ndotsheni. James builds the church because the current church in Ndotsheni is old. James and Stephen both live in the farming areas of South Africa, share the love for the same land, and what is in their lives. They each have a son of whom they consider a stranger but after they lose their sons, they begin to understand them. They both learn the problems in South Africa through their sons, and after realization, they both try to do something to improve the social, and racial differences which plague Johannesburg. Both men are strong but James Jarvis has to be the strongest for his ability to take his son’s death the way he does. Instead of being an irate, cruel, sorrowful man; he picks up where his son left off. It’s realistic that James can be forgiving to Stephen even though he is the father of Absalom, the boy who killed Arthur Jarvis. James Jarvis reacts this way because he doesn’t want anyone else to experience the same thing that happened to him; instead he wants to fix the problem before it occurs again. When his son is shot and killed, James finally gets to know and understand him and his values. â€Å"Jarvis filled his pipe slowly, and listened to the tale of his son, to this tale of a stranger† (172). He reads his sons speeches and understands his country’s segregation, relieving him of his ignorance. James Jarvis was a dynamic character that changes throughout the novel. The representation shows how South African problems educated James Jarvis, and turned him into an understanding, and influential man. If Arthur Jarvis had never been killed, James Jarvis would’ve not been educated by his son’s writings or by Stephen Kumalo.

buy custom The High Nineteenth Century essay

buy custom The High Nineteenth Century essay It is quite intriguing that some nations would like to extend their authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations. There are different forms of imperialism Economic imperialism, for example, means the process by which an economy extends its financial control over others. There are also different ways in which different people viewed and explained this imperialism based on their individualities. In this paper I will compare how different scholars viewed imperialism and examine Western influence of the 18th/19th centuries to different nations. In imperialism lays Britain's commercial expansion following its industrial revolution. That gave it the need to secure world-wide material interests. Then need grew desperate as capitalism began over-producing, and the industrialized countries began competing with each other for outlets. At the beginning of the 20th century, imperialism also took on a domestic shape. Britons took pride in their imperialism. By 1902 it was clear that their empire was stretched about as tight as it could be without breaking, and imperialists turned away from expansion to consolidation. An imperialist became someone who wished to federate the empire economically, militarily, and even politically. At the end of the 19th century imperialism started facing reaction from all over the world. There later came the idea of the white mans burden which stated that European nations had the responsibility of ruling Africans and Asians so as to civilize them. Mill, unlike other liberal theorists makes no appeal to this. He insists thatlatent or underdeveloped abilities and virtues in their colonies could be actualized under the right conditions and liberty if that was the argument. According to J. S Mill, imperialism is the ultimate stage of capitalism. To support this he makes the following remark. The sole end for which mankind is warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their member, is self-protection. In this case, the Imperialists had a wide and liberal vision of coming up with a highly multiracial and civilized society. John Gallagher during 19th century came up with different ideas about European Imperialism that gave it a new understanding where he states that imperialism did not necessarily require formal or legal control by one country over the other. "..bulk of British emigration, trade, and capital went to areas outside the formal British Empire. A key to the thought of Robinson and Gallagher is the idea of empire informally if possible and formally if necessary Western nations also introduced cultural imperialism to their colonies and mostly in Africa by promoting, distinguishing, separating, or artificially injecting the culture of their societies into their colonies. It is usually the case that the former belongs to a large, economically or militarily powerful nation. Through economic processes (indirect imperialism), the concerned state is officially self-governing but linked to the imperial power by (often unequal) trade relations. According to Painter, the notion of cultural imperialism is indicated by ".existing or traditional ways of life and ways of thinking that are subordinated to the culture of the imperialists." However not all states were submissive to this Western Imperialism. It took great efforts to change some people for example in China where Western superiority was challenged by equally strong Chinese beliefs. According to Spence, ..all of them came to China with similar attitudes of cultural superiority, yet none were able to enact the changes they had originally planned The goals of these men, Spence argues that, ..met with resistance because their expertise was often bound with ideological aims to which the Chinese were not willing to submit Imperialism is therefore not a present day advent but a thing of the past. This dates, but not limited to, the years of colonialism. I have looked at the different forms given to it like direct, indirect, economic, political, cultural, and many more. This is an indication that the imperialists are ready to coin more and more words to give imperialism a new face but this should not justify imperialism whatever form it takes or whatever name its given, it remains the extension a nation's authority by territorial acquisition (peacefully or non peacefully) by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over another nation. Buy custom The High Nineteenth Century essay

Business Law for Australian Taxation Administration

As per the given case, Ms Anstis has claimed a deduction in the i e tax payable against her youth allowance i e. The ATO has denied providing her with such deductions. Ms Anstis filed before the federal court of Australia and got an order in favor of her. The ATO filed an appeal before the High Court of Australia. The Australian Taxation Administration is dealing tax system in Australia. As per the TA Act 1953, the ATO acts as the executive body under the legislation and regulate the behavior of the tax payers in the country. The Australian Taxation Office is the main revenue collection body of the Australian government. The ATO is the statutory body of the government who has been given the power under the Australian Taxation Administration Act, 1953 to collect taxes in different tax system within the country (Alghamdi et al 2016). The ATO has the responsibility to execute and implement the tax system within the country and any other matter related to taxation and collection of government revenue within the country. As an executive body the ATO is to execute, implement and regulate the tax system within the country and regulate the behavior of tax defaulters and evaders in the country (Vann 2016). The ATO is an executive body formed under the Taxation Administration Act of the country. The parliament has given authority under the Act to formulate certain policies and regulations for the day to day smooth running of the taxation system in the country (Tran-Nam and Walpole 2016). ATO does not make statutory enactments but has the power to make rules and regulations under the taxation system in Australia. ATO engages and involves with other taxation departments on policy matters relating to tax and excise. The ATO has been granted with power by the government to instruct the OPC to prepare legislation which the ATO deems fit and necessary to administer the taxation system within Australia (Braithwaite 2017). How does this case reflect the interaction of the different bodies under the separation of powers doctrine? As per the given facts of the case there is an involvement of all the three tiers of the government. The three tiers of the government are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The Australian Federal Parliament and the state legislature are the legislative body that makes laws on the taxation system within the country (Smith et al 2016). The ATO is been delegated with the power of governing and administering the taxation system within the country. The ATO is the executive body of the three tier system of the government. Whereas the Federal Court of Australia and the High Court is the judicial body of the country who decide matters in dispute. In this given case, the ATO has power to determine the tax system and High Court has the power to interpret the laws made by the parliament. Thus all three tiers are separate from each other. However, all three tiers of the government has something mon to each to keep a check n the powers of other body. As per the case, here the judi ciary by interpreting the law has check on using the absolute power on the general people of the country (Long Campbell and Kelshaw 2016). What is the significance of the High Court decision in terms of tax law as it is applied within Australia? The significance of the High Court’s decision on the given case is that the High Court has the power to determine that the lower court has given the appropriate judgment as per the facts of the case. Alghamdi, A. and Rahim, M., 2016. Development of a Measurement Scale for User Satisfaction with E-tax Systems in Australia. In  Transactions on Large-Scale Data-and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXVII  (pp. 64-83). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Vann, R.J., 2016. Hybrid Entities in Australia: Resource Capital Fund III LP Case. Tran-Nam, B. and Walpole, M., 2016. Tax disputes, litigation costs and access to tax justice.  eJournal of Tax Research,  14(2), p.319. Braithwaite, V. ed., 2017.  Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion. Routledge. Smith, F., Smillie, K., Fitzsimons, J., Lindsay, B., Wells, G., Marles, V., Hutchinson, J., O’Hara, B., Perrigo, T. and Atkinson, I., 2016. Reforms required to the Australian tax system to improve biodiversity conservation on private land.  Environmental and planning law journal,  33(5), pp.443-450.  Ã‚   Long, B., Campbell, J. and Kelshaw, C., 2016. The justice lens on taxation policy in Australia.  St Mark's Review, (235), p.94. With a decade's experience in providing essay help,

Banksy in 'Exit ThroughThe Gift Shop 'Film Essay

Banksy in 'Exit ThroughThe Gift Shop 'Film - Essay Example Maybe Thierry became a bit arrogant when his hero Banksy suggests to him to focus on his own art and leave the film for him to finish. I think Banksy said that to gain control over the documentary as he wanted to make it into a real film, and not just a picture collage like Thierry’s effort Life Remote Control was. But Banksy didn’t foresee that Thierry would get crazy with his own ambitions and organised a massive exhibition with work he didn’t produce himself, but making a lot of money with it nevertheless. It’s ironic how this fateful event gave the documentary itself a new direction, or story to tell. But documentaries are about real life and life is unpredictable. This means a documentary can turn out differently than the filmmaker initially imagined it to be. I think this is what happened to Banksy. He seemed to be annoyed of Thierry making money, and pretending to be an artist, which is understandable, especially as Banksy is a great and innovative artist himself, who worked hard for his success and therefore deserves it. However, he also shows sympathy for Thierry (by explaining that his compulsive filming relates to him losing his mother as a child). I believe that Banksy didn’t mean to ‘destroy’ Thierry’s reputation, but to show that our society accepts art too easily as art, without questioning the artist and his real motivation. By doing this, Banksy also introduced a new style to documentary filmmaking-the object becoming directly involved in the filmmaking process. It will be interesting to see if other artists (including musicians, actors, filmmakers etc) who are subjects of documentary films will take a more active part in the filmmaking processes in the future. Banksy's Exit Through The Gift Shop – The Director's Role in a Participatory Documentary Film Exit Through The Gift Shop is a story full of irony and role reversals between amateur documentary filmmaker Thierry Guetta and accl aimed street artist Banksy who during the filmmaking process discloses Guetta to be an obsessive copycat artist. The film's narrative starts with portraying street artists and Banksy at work. The focus shifts onto Thierry's mission to become a successful artist himself when Banksy consciously initiates a role reversal from being the subject of the documentary to becoming its director. Film theorist Bill Nichols explores the influence documentary films can have: â€Å"Documentaries of social representation†¦are intended to have an impact on the historical world itself and to do so must persuade or convince us that one point of view or approach is preferable to others† (3). Banksy's move to take the camera from Thierry and turn it on him is therefore clever and calculated. By taking control over the filmmaking process, Banksy could fulfil his own agendas regarding the messages he wanted to convey to an audience. To achieve this, Banksy successfully combined several documen tary filmmaking techniques as defined by film theorist Bill Nichols (33): the ‘participatory mode’ (director being part of the action), the ‘expository mode’ (using so-called 'voice-of-God' narration) and the ‘reflexive mode’ (revealing and reflecting on documentary film-making practises that are usually hidden from an audience).1 I identified Banksy's four main agendas / messages he aimed to convey