The Persian Wars

The Persian Wa rs tric D. Blanco Persia, known as Iran, was the largest empire the world had ever seen by the 5th century B,C. E. The name Iran derlves trom the word â€Å"Asyran,† and durlng the first half of the first millennium, the Iranian-speaking people moved gradually Into the area of the Zagros Mountains, the largest groups known as the Medes and Persians. According the author of The Greek and Persian Wars 499-386 3C by Philip de Souza, The Persians were part of a group of ancient peoples who spoke languages similar to modern Iranian (Souza, Pg. 9). The origin of the Persian Empire can be attributed to the leadership ot Cyrus the Great. A brilliant and powerful Persian king. he enlarged nearby Islands and united them Into one empire. Cyrus was able to create a vast empire that would last more than two hundred years. As time went by, the Greek city- states were under the rule of the Persians. The Persian wars began. But what was the Persian war? According to the â€Å" Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Greece†, it was a serious of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire.Greece was Invaded twice during the Persian wars. The wars with Greece and Persla were a result due to rebellion, but who won the war? The Persians wanted to conquer more of Greece, then a war broke out, but how did it all began? After the death of King Croesus of Lydia died, Greece was under the rule of the Persian Empire which they much resented. In result to this, they fought to throw out the Persians. The city-state Ionia revolted. Athens and Eritrea supported the Ionians with a token force of twenty ships from Athens, five ships from Eritrea.The Ionian revolt was successful at first, but after the Greeks sailed home It was rushed. Persian temples had been violated, and whether they did it or not the Athenians and Eritreans were blamed for it. King Darius I of Persia ordered a punitive expedition to these two cities, but a storm smashed his fleet. Anot her fleet was assembled. and the tlrst Persian war began, Which city-state was saved, and which was destroyed from the fleet of Persia? Before finding the answer of which city-state was saved and destroyed, and victor, let's look at the important kings, generals during the wars.Darius l, he was the king of the Persian Empire during the first war. His son Xerxes took the title as king of the Persian Empire at the start ot the second war. Mardonius is a Persian general In both wars. Datls and Artaphernes were generals at the Battle of Marathon, the first war. 1 OF3 Marathon. At the Battle of Thermopylae, the second war, Leonidas, Spartan general, and king fought the Persians with three hundred men. In Thermopylae 480 BC by Nic Fields, Leonidas as the commander-in-chief, held off the Persians to their rear by a mountain track, the Anopaia path (Fields, Pg. ). Themistocles was an Athenian dmiral at the Battle of Salamis. Pausanias was also a Spartan general but at the Battle of Plataea. They are the important people during this time of event. Fought to the death, some survived, but who won the wars? Persians have returned home with a low supply of weapons after the first war, they were defeated by the Greeks at the Battle of Marathon. Persians attacked Athens to teach them a lesson for revolting against the Great Darius l, but the Athenians defeated the Persians. The second invasion returned with the new king, Xerxes.With a huge army he gathered, they ttacked the Greeks at Thermopylae. That's when the Spartans came in, with three hundred men under the leadership of Leonidas. The Persians ended up reaching the city of Athens and burned it. The Persians were finally defeated by the Greek Navvy in a bloody sea battle. Fewer than four hundred Greek ships under the Athenian general Themistocles beat twelve hundred Persian ships. Xerxes went home after the defeat. However, he left a large army in Greece. The Spartans and Athenians fought the Persian army. The combined f orces were able to beat the Persians.Looking back at the question, Athens was the city-state that was destroyed and Eritreans survived. The war may have been won by the Greeks, but when did it all started? According to the author of The Greek and Persian Wars 499-386 BC book by Philip de Souza, In 499 the Persians launched a major naval expedition against Naxos, the largest and most prosperous of the Cycladic islands. Herodotus presents this expedition as the result of an appeal by some exiled Naxian aristocrats to Aristagoras, the ruling tyrant of Miletos, to help them force their compatriots to ccept them back and return to power.Miletos was one of the largest and most important Ionian cities. According to the text, it had enjoyed privileged, semi- independent status in relation to the Lydian kings, which the Persians allowed to continue. The Ionians rebelled, some of the Ionian cities and island had been developing a form of democratic government when they came under Persian infl uence. Such developments continued in mainland Greece, especially in Athens, but the move to widespread popular participation in government was prematurely halted in Ionia.

Women and Diversity in the Workforce

There is a growing and continuous interest in workplace diversity within management and organization studies. This interest can be traced back to Johnston and Packard†s (1987) influential report, Workforce 2000, which alerted organizations to the dramatic demographic changes that were in the process of transforming the North American workforce. (Prasad, 1997). Managing diversity at the workplace presents many dilemmas. Confronted with constant change, management, business educators, and organizational consultants continue to meet the challenges of a new and diverse workforce in a number of ways. There are numerous ways in which to define diversity. Diversity includes all the ways in which people differ, and it encompasses all the different characteristics that make one individual or group different from another. It is all inclusive and recognizes everyone and every group as part of the diversity that should be valued. (Wentling, 1997). A broad definition includes not only race, gender, ethnicity , age, national origin, religion and disability, but may include sexual orientation, values, personality, education, language, physical appearance, marital status, lifestyle, beliefs and background characteristics such as geographic origin, tenure with the organization and economic status. There is a significant increase in women and minority populations in the workplace; Americans continue to mature; an increasing number of minority youths are becoming part of the workforce; gay men, lesbians, and bisexual individuals are becoming an important part of the workforce and marketplace; people with disabilities are also increasingly entering the labor force; and more business is becoming global. (Wentling, 1997). Nearly half of all workers will be women, and more than a quarter will likely be members of minority races. About 40% of the work force will be over 45 years of age and only about 15% of new entrants will be the young white males (Labich, 1996). And yet another statistic, the Hispanic population is quickly becoming the largest minority group in the United States and the fastest growing ethnic faction in the civilian labor force (Forst, 1997). With these changes marching forward ever so rapidly, it is no wonder that management must battle to stay on top of diversity issues. Having a diverse workforce and managing it properly is perceived as a competitive strategy that can not only help attract diverse customers but also employees who have different perspectives that can contribute to the creativity of the organization (Wentling, 1997). Researchers have found that an important reason for implementing diversity initiatives in organizations is to improve corporate productivity and profitability (Wentling, 1997). A diverse workforce catalyzes more organizational creativity and productivity because workers are drawn from a larger more democratic, gene pool (Prasad, 1997). When trying to diversify an organization, you can be assured that there will be resistance. Management must be able to implement change as necessary. No one series of workshops will be ideal for every organization, but the most effective training methods seem to revolve around the daily problems workers face. (Labich, 1996). â€Å"We are color and gender blind† is often heard throughout organizations in America. One of the biggest challenges may be to retrain managers to recognize and value differences rather than disregard and dismiss them (Mor Barak, 1998). You simply have to adapt your workplace to the labor force; ignore it, and you could be sacrificing quality and productivity (Labich, 1996). The point for management is understanding where the work force is at before you try to move it where you want. (Labich, 1996). Embracing diversity raises fundamental questions about how individuals in organizations define themselves, how they feel good about themselves, and how they experience and relate to others. If organizations are to embrace diversity, then they must find creative approaches to helping people become fully aware of the impact that social identity has on sense making and behavior (Prasad, 1997). BankAmerica is an example of a corporation that gives people a higher level of comfort to pursue their careers, to find out about opportunities. BankAmerica also focuses on mentoring programs and promotion practices (Brown, 1998). Yet another example of successful diversification is Liz Clairborne†s $2.4 billion-a-year fashion company which employs nearly 41% minorities. This is well about the average of 25.6% (Vinzant, 1998). Both companies have an awareness of the importance of diversification and thus make it a long-term goal.

Asylum seekers

The word Asylum seekers is not an unknown topic to Australia. The Asylum seekers or ‘boat people’ have been contentious issue in Australian politics for many years. According to Google dictionary an Asylum seeker is: â€Å"a person who has left their home country as a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another.†The big debate surrounding the area of asylum seekers is how to moderate the amount of boat people coming into Australia. The Malaysian Solution was one of the approaches to reduce the amount of asylum seekers arriving to Australia by boat. The Solution was this: If Malaysia accepted 800 of Australia’s next ‘boat people’ then Australia would accept 4000 of Malaysia’s ‘genuine refugees’ and integrate them into Australia. This so called solution from the Labour government however was ruled against by the high court of Australia due to legal and ethical issues The High court ruled that the scheme was unlawful. One of the reasons is because Australia could not send asylum seekers to Malaysia because it is not legally bound by international or domestic law to provide access for asylum seekers to effective procedures for assessing their need for protection (Alison Rourke, 2010). It would be unethical to send asylum seekers to a country in which their basic human rights were to be at risk. Malaysia is not a signatory to the UN Refugee Convention as well so there is no guarantee that the asylum seekers processed there would be safe. Many Australian governments are trying to introduce offshore processing as a deterrent to the ‘boat people’. By introducing the offshore processing ‘boat people’ will be faced with having to be processed as a ‘genuine refugee’ in another country rather than within Australia. With introducing Offshore processing it decreases moderation of the amount of people risking their lives by traveling by boat into Australian waters. Australians are also known to be against the idea of granting citizenship to refugees. By keeping the flow of refugees into Australia at a minimum it is less likely to cause a big uprising and attention to the area. Offshore processing however also has its flaws such as the excessive expense costs of transporting the asylum seekers to the offshore locations. It can be  estimated that to process 1 person in Malaysia would cost the government and tax payers up to $500 000 dollars per person. The Rejection of the governments Malaysian Solution by the High Court of Australia was for numerous reasons. The Scheme in many ways was illegal and did not improve the safety and human rights of the asylum seekers. Head of the Department of Immigration, Andrew Metcalfe, holds a firm view that offshore processing was ineffective and should not be reintroduced to process asylum seekers

Toyota's Marketing Strategy in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Toyota's Marketing Strategy in China - Essay Example Toyota was very optimistic that it would succeed in the Chinese market without a problem (Bremner & Roberts, 2006). But therein lay the problem. Toyota used the same marketing strategies that it had used in Japan to capture the Chinese market, which in the end did not work out so well for Toyota in China. Â  In retrospect, Toyota decided to then use the strategy it had used when entering and marketing in the United States and found that it had more success than it had when using the same strategies that it used in the Japanese market. There are quite a few reasons why the strategies used in Japan failed and why the strategies used in the United States worked well for the organization when entering, marketing and penetrating the Chinese market. Â  In this document, the author will look at the marketing strategies used by Toyota in the Japanese and United States markets. Then compare and contrast the two different strategies, analyze what worked in China and what didn't work and finally conclude why the strategy used in the United States worked for Toyota in China but the strategy used in Japan didn't work for it. Â  The Toyota auto company was founded during the World War II era in Aichi, Japan and since then has been a leader in the automotive industry in the country. During the war years, the organization is known to have manufactured trucks to keep the war effort in the country going. Â  Being a homespun company the organization had no difficulty in marketing, competing and penetrating the Japanese market and used many traditional methods of marketing at the inception and even today it uses a conventional marketing strategy when marketing in Japan in comparison to what it uses in the United States. Â  For one thing, the organization has always positioned its products as small, economical and of high quality in the market. Further, the organization is a local organization and did not have to battle with other international brands in a foreign country when marketing in its own country but marketed the product as one that was manufactured at home and created brand loyalty in that manner. Â  The organization sells its products through its dealerships that are manned by 40 - 50-year-olds and emphasizes on innovation and technology that is now becoming more and more green friendly. The high-end models like the Lexus are positioned as high-end luxury vehicles and don't need to be aggressively marketed because they don't face tough competition from the likes BMW or Mercedes Benz (Pollack, 1996). Â  Further the organization has been in existence as long as its chief competitor Honda and has overtaken the market in fuel efficiency thanks to some of its models like the Toyota Prius, which has been touted for its excellence in the hybrid car market, which has led only to the increase in customer confidence and loyalty for the Toyota brand in the Japanese car market with every passing decade. Â  

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Questions - Essay Example In the end, the author has provided a plan of actions to overcome the problems. Moreover, the author has given some suggestions to make young people aware of the importance of nursing profession, as well as to encourage them to join this profession. Considering the nature of the second and the third essay, I feel that opening and closing were appropriate because letters and memos do not need anything in the opening and closing paragraphs other than the original motive. I do not see any issue regarding cohesive devises in the essays as all of them have been written professionally. The only issue that I have observed is regarding third essay in which ‘I’d’ could have been replaced by ‘I would’. For example, ‘Division for six years, I’d like to propose†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ could have been replaced by ‘Division for six years, I would like to propose†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Every other thing, such as, connective words, transitional sentences, and paragraphs seem to be

Brand communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Brand communication - Essay Example Net-A-Porter focuses on the quality of the brand, packaging of the products, and an effective delivery service. There are printed publications available for the customers to inform them on the current fashion trends. This exposes the brand and creates awareness, therefore, attracting new customers. Net-A-Porter has developed a mobile application known as Aurasma technology. The customers need to download the application, in order, to access different videos that show the campaigns of the advertisements. Such programs aid the customers in the determination of their required products in relation to the fashion trends (Peelen, 2005). The online retailer uses direct marketing through its managers. It uses email to communicate with the customers. In explanation, the manager in charge of the email marketing develops a regular email channel that supports the flow of information within the various departments. This ensures that the emails sent to the customers influence their purchasing behavior to buy more products. The emails create a platform for the feedback from the customers. There is an analysis of such feedback in consideration of the customers’

Americas Next Top Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Americas Next Top Model - Essay Example Description actually evolves as new forms of reality shows emerged. The list could be endless as more and more "audition" types and freak-games sprout. Betts went as far as laying out the basic rules for reality programs as "either elimination of contestants in a high-handed or low-minded procedure, or revelation by a spontaneous uncovering of their flaws, conceits or pettiness," (Betts, 2004) with un underlying message that these kind of shows could be of little, or no relevance to people and persons involved except for some rewards for the winners. Starting out with a gem or a germ of an idea is the first crucial stage of every television or even movie and other performing arts production. How is this going to be done, who, when, how, why. The same thing can be said for "America's Next Top Model." First it was just a flash in the mind. Then, the idea jumped out to a drawing board, until it starts taking a skeleton of a shape, then, it has taken form and meat. Jumping off from the success of "American Idol", the fashion world takes a reality program for its own, run by its supposedly creator Tyra Banks", a supermodel herself. The next step after a germ culminated as an idea is to find out the costs in producing the show. Costing: There are two categories for production cost as the cyber college (2005) pointed out: above the line that pertains to performances and production elements like talent fee, script, music, office services, marketing and promotions. Below-the-line include the physical elements like stage, studio, sets, props, wardrobe, graphics, transportation, production equipment, studio facilities, editing, and the technical personnel that includes the stage manager, engineering personnel, video recording operators, audio operators, and general labor. The specifics now follow: 1. Pre-production costs that include putting up the idea into one solid material of project proposal that includes the script, technical descriptions and production abstract. The process of getting financers and technical backers. Estimate*: $ 800,000.00 2. Location scouting and related travel expenses refers to finding out the best possible area for main production site, in America's Next Top Model case, in a luxurious Los Angeles mansion where the young women contestants may have their own room and move freely, at the same time accommodating the technical staff or crew. Expenses for travel during the rounding off of places and spots are included in here until the final touches and detailing. Estimate*: $ 500,000.00 3. Studio rental includes the budget for venue for the professional appearances where catwalk performances as well as general modeling audition will take place. Estimate*: $ 50,000.00 4. Sets and set construction is the beautification concept where the production design will be applied. This includes the process of making the studio appear like a Victoria's Secret runway, the stage, the judges' table and a background that will evoke the ramp

Seagate Technology Plc. (STX) Company Analysis Essay

Seagate Technology Plc. (STX) Company Analysis - Essay Example In the next section, a more comprehensive analysis is rendered considering the whole economy, with both an industry analysis and company analysis as part of the overall analysis of this paper. It included both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the company to have an idea of the various threats and challenges it is currently facing as well as the opportunities in the market. The third section is the conclusion portion of this paper and summarizes what has been stated in previous sections. It also reiterates the important points raised by the company analysis so that a potential investor can make an informed judgment on the company based on facts the paper has presented so far. The fourth and last section is the recommendation which suggests a buy position for the company but only for the medium term investment horizon and further subject to a periodic quarterly review. This is because the very nature of the computer industry is that of rapid technological change and short pr oduct life cycles that can render even market leaders with an uncertain viability in a â€Å"nightmare moment† (strategic inflection point). Keywords: buybacks, data storage devices, flash memory, hard disks, hard drives, Seagate Table of Contents Section Page Number Executive Summary..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......1 A. ... ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................... 4 B.1 Economic Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 B.2. Industry Analysis..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................................................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 B.3. Company Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................................................................................6 B.3.1 History and Other Information.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..........................................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 B.3.2 Qualitative Fundamentals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 B.3.2.1 Management Team†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 B.3.2.2 Business Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 B.3.2.3 Competitive Advantage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 B.3.2.4 Board of Directors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 B.3.2.5 Negative Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 B.3.2.6 Share Buyback Program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 B.3.3 Quantitative Fundamentals.........................................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....10 B.3.3.1 Balance Sheet (3-year trend)...................................................................11 B.3.3.2 Income Statement (3-year trend ).................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....12 C. Conclusion.................................................................................................................13 D. Recommendation.......................................................................................................13 E. Bibliography..........................................................................................................14-16 A. Introduction This paper is a research report on the

ASME code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ASME code - Essay Example Engineer B later requests Engineer B to visit B’s offices so that he may demonstrate to the company’s technical and management officials how the system works. Engineer A obliges and does the demonstration in detail. Engineer B asks Engineer A to prepare another proposal including the details of all costs involved. After some time, Engineer B’s company calls to inform Engineer A that the company will not need Engineer A’s company’s services since Engineer B’s company has achieved the capacity to make their own system. An analysis of the case presented above shows that Engineer B acted unethically in obtaining technical (and patented) information from Engineer A and using it without his consent. This act amounts to a breach of copyright/patent laws given that Engineer B uses the information they gain from A to his company’s advantage without seeking Engineer A’s consent. In the fundamental canons as stipulated in by the American S ociety of Mechanical Engineering (ASME), the engineer is required always to give respect to the intellectual property and proprietary information of other persons including professional bodies and charitable organizations (ASME 2006 No 6; ASME 2008 No 5). Engineer B’s company has proved through its actions not to be reputable given that it disrespects the property of Engineer A’s

Improving Construction Safety in Saudi Arabia Dissertation

Improving Construction Safety in Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example 1 Introduction It is rather unfortunate, but true, that the construction industry around the world had developed a reputation for being the industrial sector that presents higher statistics for industrial accidents, fatalities and deaths than any other (Coble, 2000, Pp. vii - viii). United States Department of Labour for the year 2006 indicated that construction fatalities represented about 21% of the total work force fatalities (Lambeck, 2009, Pp. 72 – 74). However, efforts directed towards continuous improvement in construction safety in many countries, including Japan, South Korea, China, etc. demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the incidence of occupational injury, serious accidents or deaths (Poon, 2008, Chapter 1). Statistics for construction industry accident frequency rates per million of men hour worked for Singapore suggest that with an accident frequency rate per million man hours of 3.5 for the construction sector in comparison to 1.9 for all other industries help to illustrate the notoriety of the construction sector (Poon, 2008, Chapter 1). However, results for Japan, Korea and Hong Kong demonstrate improvement with effort. Reports about the construction sector in Saudi Arabia suggest that it is possible to do more to bring about an improvement in health and safety for those working in the construction sector (Al Omani, 2008, â€Å"Does Saudi Arabia need a health and safety boot?†), (Migrant Rights, 2011, â€Å"FAQ†) and (Construction Week, 2010, â€Å"Construction sector must embrace safety culture†). Like in any other industry, accidents in construction lead to injury, possible loss of life, additional work and added costs (Li Wai Chung, 2006, Chapter 3). Time losses for the injured, delays in completion of construction, medical expenses, damage to... The intention of this study is the term ‘safety’, which refers to an absence of danger, as often partnered with the term ‘health’ within the context of work in general and for construction work. Because human health and welfare are of concern to the society, a corporate responsibility exists to ensure that minimal risks exist to the health and safety of employees so that individuals, families and the society at large receives protection and remains free from catastrophe. Thus, the legal system in England and in many other nations emphasises a duty to care, an absence of negligence and criminal responsibility for injury to ensure that those who use employees for business do so in a manner that will minimise harm to these individuals, especially when the business motive is to present profits. The law reflects values in a society and without values that emphasise health and safety it is likely that the risks associated with occupations will present undue harm t o individual members of a society and to society itself. Hence, a global concern exists for health and safety in construction and many nations around the world have enacted laws and regulations to emphasise health and safety in occupations, based on recommendations of international organisations, including the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and national values. However, a need exists to ensure that laws and regulations are effective and practical.

American Minorities and Sports Essay Example for Free

American Minorities and Sports Essay Sports have always had an enormous impact on American society and culture. People use sports at all levels, whether it’s youth, high school, college or professional, to help build an identity, connect with others and grow as individuals. Even though American is a diverse country made up of different races, nationalities and ethnicities, discrimination has been in issue throughout America’s history. Sports took on an even greater meaning for some minorities during the 20th Century, especially Europeans and blacks. They used sports as a means of vertical mobility in order to advance themselves socially in America. The idea of social mobility was one concept that originally drew many immigrants to the country. Between 1880 and 1915, around 26 million immigrants moved to the United States, and about half came from several areas of Europe (Moore, 2011a). America offered the chance for people to better themselves and someone from any background could become successful and rise above their parents. During this time, Americans were already viewing sports as an important and democratic part of life, because it judged people on their talent and skill alone (Reiss, 1980). Competition was an opportunity to prove and show off your â€Å"manliness† and power. Sports were also seen as a way to gain vertical mobility, and for Europeans, it was a way to become more accepted into the American culture. Although they received more respect than blacks, they mostly were not considered truly â€Å"American† (Moore, 2011a). Boxing was a popular sport among young immigrants. Boxing was a sport that proved â€Å"manliness† and toughness, and turning professional meant chances to earn prize money. Most immigrants from Europe lived on the East Coast in cities that quickly became crowded and poor, and fighting was a functional skill to learn while living in the ghetto neighborhoods (Reiss, 1980). Boxing became a social ladder for ethnic groups since one group seemed to dominate until another group became better. Whoever were better boxers at the time were viewed as the tougher race. In the 1800’s and early 1900’s the Irish held most of the Heavyweight Championship titles, with boxers like John L. Sullivan, Jack Kilrain and Gene Tunney (Sowell, 1983). In the 1920’s and 30’s Jews began to have success in the ring, with 1913 being the only year in since the start of the century that there was no Jewish champion. In the two decade span they held 18 titles (Moore, 2011a). These champions were important to the Jewish in proving their worth to the country and countering the discrimination that the Nazis in Germany were trying to spread. Boxing for European ethnic minorities served as a way to prove their race’s toughness, and prizefighting was a way to leave the poor ghettos and make a decent life for themselves. Italians were slower than other groups in their involvement with sports. Between 1899 and 1924 about 4 million immigrated to the United States and settled in the crowded East Coast cities (Reiss, 1980). The Progressive movement was gaining popularity at the time, but because of their past in Italy, many Italians mistrusted governments telling them what to do and what their children should do (Moore, 2011a). However, 2nd generation Italian-American children were given opportunities to play sports through the creation of the Public School Athletic League. In 1905 historian Camillo Cianfarra tracked the Italian youth development in sports and observed: â€Å"In our public elementary school competitions, our children are not inferior to the children of other nationalities, in the lists of gymnastic [track and field] winners the Italian names appear quite frequently as they appear in the rosters of teams involved in inter-high school competition† (Reiss, 1980). Baseball soon became a popular sport with the Italians, and they became very successful with the sport. By the time of the Depression, Italians were becoming a majority in the Major Leagues (Moore, 2011a). Italians success in baseball gave them social mobility, but they were also still discriminated against. Some of the best players in the league in the 1930’s were Joe DiMaggio, Tony Lazzeri, Frank Crosetti and Ernie Lombardi (Baldassaro, 2005). Joe DiMaggio helped Italians gain more exposure and respect when he became the best player in the league and an American celebrity (Moore, 2011a). Blacks in the United States had similar involvement as the Europeans with ports and social mobility, although they faced much more discrimination and rejection than the other minorities. Blacks used sports as a main way to try and prove their equality to the rest of the country. They viewed successful black athletes as heroes and passionately supported them, and used them as a more subtle channel to showcase their fight against the discrimination and hate that they faced daily. Boxing featured several black champions and was a popular sport, just like it was with the European minorities. One of the earliest black champions was Peter Jackson, an Australian who won the Heavyweight Championship over there in 1886. He traveled to America in 1988 to fight John L. Sullivan, who held the Heavyweight Title, but Sullivan refused to fight him because he was black. Besides that setback, he was considered one of the best boxers of the time, and blacks loved him because he was a respectable man and proved black equality with his victories. Frederick Douglass at the time said, â€Å"Peter is doing a great deal with his fist to solve the Negro question† (Moore, 2011b). He was also respected within the white community because he never bragged or belittled an opponent (Moore, 2011b). People around the country of any race looked up to him as a role model. Although Peter Jackson helped gain some respect for blacks in white America, it wasn’t until Joe Louis that Americans found a black athlete that was embraced as an American hero. Louis was born in Alabama in 1914 as the son a sharecropper and great grandson of a slave. His family moved to Detroit in 1924 where he soon took up boxing. After ten years of hard work he won the Golden Gloves as a light heavyweight and his career took off from there. One of his biggest victories was against former heavyweight champion Primo Carnera in front of a crowd of 62,000 at Yankee Stadium (Official Site, n. d. ). Louis’s symbol as an American hero though didn’t fully happen until he avenged his loss against German champion Max Schmeling with a first-round knockout in 1938, during the time of the Nazi’s dominance in Europe. It was this victory that caused the American people to see him not as just another black fighter, but as an American hero. It helped to counter the impression of successful black athletes that Jack Johnson, the previous black heavyweight champion, had left, and in a way almost transcended his race (Schwartz, n. d. ). â€Å"What my father did was enable white America to think of him as an American, not as a black,† said his son, Joe Louis Jr. â€Å"By winning, he became America’s first black hero† (Schwartz, n. d. ). In the 1960’s, black athletes used the world’s biggest sporting stage to fight racism and show their protest against the discrimination that they were still facing. In October 1967 the Olympic Project for Human Rights was established by sociologist Harry Edwards and others, mainly athletes. The goal of the organization was to protest segregation and racism in sport and society. A boycott of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics was suggested but never happened, yet several members still used the Games as an opportunity for the organization. Many on the US Track and Field team wore black socks as support of the black community, or badges of the OPHR (Henderson, n. d. ). The most famous act of protest however was from sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos, who finished 1st and 3rd in the 200m final. On the medal podium, they each raised a fist while wearing a black glove. The act led to the International Olympic Committee president, Avery Brundage, suspending them from the rest of the competition and forcing them to leave (Moore, 1991). Although the protest had negative consequences for the sprinters, it was another key moment in sports that showed how the black community rallied around its athletes and used sports as a way to come together and fight for civil rights. Sports and competition were important in minorities efforts to advance in 20th century America through vertical mobility, although the reasons were different for each race. Europeans struggled with adjusting to a new country and culture, and sports helped serve as a way to assimilate more with the American culture and be accepted. Because of the large numbers of immigrants in the late 1800‘s and early 1900‘s, most lived in poor, crowded urban areas. Being successful in sports meant a chance to become professional, leave behind poverty, and make a life for yourself. It was essentially the â€Å"American Dream. † Sports had a slightly different meaning for black Americans. The United States was still a country of discrimination and oppression, and black society used their successful athletes to empower and unite them. Through heroes like Joe Louis, they fought against the discrimination and tried to prove their equality to whites. Both minorities in the 20th century viewed sports as a key tool in their struggle for acceptance in American society.

My Critical Views On Global Climate Change Essay Example for Free

My Critical Views On Global Climate Change Essay It is clear that even despite actions with regards to using measures and activities that are environmentally friendly, much more work is needed in order to address the problem of global climate change. The implementation of international protocols and requiring countries to meet certain environmental standards is certainly a big step towards addressing this issue. More intergovernmental cooperation is also another prospective answer to this problem. The more developed countries should also take the lead in encouraging the shift away from more traditional methods of production towards more environmentally friendly methods through the award of grants and exchange of technology (Torn and Harte, 2006). The creation of a body that is designed to not only specifically develop policies regarding this issue but also be given the power to enforce these policies will allow for the more efficient reduction of these greenhouse gases (Torn and Harte, 2006). It is unclear just how effective these policies may be but the fact that is clear is that in order to address this issue, each and every person in the world must take part in reducing the emission of these greenhouse gases which is the main cause of this problem (Gore, 2006). Simple steps such as taking the public transport or walking instead of taking carbon monoxide emitting vehicles will go a long way. There are many things that people can do in order to contribute to the improvement of the current environmental condition. It does not take a lot and it all starts with the awareness of the gravity of the situation. While the general scientific consensus is that global warming is real and its overall effects are detrimental, there are still some prominent scientists who feel that the severe effects of global warming have been sensationalized. Certain members of society take the idea of global warming with the normal temperature and that the temperature of the surface of the Earth has not severely increased over the last one hundred years. They claim that the temperature data collected in the 1970’s were taken in urbanized areas using different kinds of thermometers, hence the temperature readings were influenced by human error and do not precisely show drastic temperature changes in the surface of the Earth as well as in the oceans. It is therefore important the satellite data be acquired for the coming next decades in order to generate robust and reliable temperature readings that society and the scientific world will acceptable without any doubts on its credibility and efficiency. It is also of prime importance that scientific and legislative bodies prove that global warming does actually occur as a result of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. Geological scientists have gather substantial fossil evidence that prove that carbon dioxide concentrations have increased on the surface of the Earth, which thus results in a warmer surface, but the direct connection between the increase in carbon dioxide and the temperature increase at the actual in situ settings should still be observed. Most of the information and generalizations that scientists have collected were based on laboratory conditions where most of the components of the setup were easily regulated and controlled, such as humidity and temperature. There are currently a number of models that may be used in forecasting average surface temperatures on the Earth, but there is still a need to also design a model that could predict the amount of human-made emissions that could trigger the same features that cause global warming. There is quite a huge number of people in society that still do not understand the climate changes and what triggers such disturbances in our current weather. In the United States, there has been some restriction with regards to releasing information and disseminating information with regards to global warming. The Union of Concerned Scientists to the Oversight and Government Reform Committee of the senate has reported that the current administration has instructed research scientists to filter any information that they release to the public and that only issues that fit the current administration should be reported. The phrases of global warming and climate change have thus been identified as taboo in any type of communication that is delivered to the American society. Such restriction has resulted in the resignation of a number of scientists who have a personal belief that the truth with regards to any discovery should be released to the public as soon as possible (Andrew, 2007). Every country is now aware of the causes and effects of global warming on the ecosystem. There has been great speculation that global warming is both a natural and a man-made phenomenon. Whatever the cause is, it is imperative that every citizen understands what global warming is and what measures can be taken in order to minimize, avoid or prevent the increase in accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. References Andrew B (2007): Scientific bodies must take own action on emissions. Nature 448(7155):749 Choi O and Fisher A (2003): The impacts of socioeconomic development and climate change on severe weather catastrophe losses: Mid-Atlantic region (MAR) and the U. S. Climate Change Vol. 58, pp. 149. Gore A (2006): An inconvenient truth: The planetary emergency of global warming and what we can do about it. Rodale Books. Gregory JM, Stouffer RJ and Raper SCG (2002): An observationally based estimate of the climate sensitivity. J. Climate 15(22):3117-21. Haigh JD (2003): The effects of solar variability on the Earths climate. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 361(1802):91-111.

Dystopian And Utopian Elements Film Studies Essay

Dystopian And Utopian Elements Film Studies Essay With close reference to no more than three postmodern films discuss the dystopian and utopian elements evident in their mise-en-scene. This essay will analyze Ridly Scotts Blade Runner (1982) and Alfonso Cuarons Children of Men (2006) in order to discuss dystopian elements evident in their mise-en-scene. The film begins with a panoramic view of the directors vision of Los Angeles in 2019. The night sky of the cityscape is lit an unnatural reddish hue and broken up by towering black skyscrapers and chimneys out of which sheets of flame erupt. This shot has the effect of immediately setting the scene for a post apocalyptic dystopia with the city being portrayed as demonic in the judeao- Christian tradition. At street level the sense of alienation the protagonist, Deckard, feels is reflected in the ethnic mix of his fellow Los Angelians. Hordes of Orientals throng about him. This sense of cultural alienation is compounded by witnessing Deckard struggling to order food from an oriental s treet vendor who struggles to understand what he is saying. The following scene further affirms this when a police officer arrests Deckard in order to bring him in for an assignment. The officer cant even arrest Deckard in English and the proprietor of the noodle stand has to translate for him. Another way in which the mise-en-scene conveys themes of dystopia in this sequence can be observed in the attire worn by the people in the street around Deckard. An eclectic mix of mismatched, castoff and recycled clothing is evident which seems somewhat contradictory when one considers this is also a society where space travel is normal and there is an abundance of flying cars. Continuing on this theme, the streets of Los Angeles are presented as being thoroughly dank, dirty and are perpetually strewn with refuse. Technologically advanced society where the common people still live in dirty, squalid conditions is a common trope of dystopian SF. Its function is to interrogate contemporary anxi eties regarding late capitalism and its effect on society. The mise-en-scene effectively conveys to the viewer this anxiety surrounding late capitalism and its dystopian undertones in a number of ways. The first and most symbolic way is through the opening shots of the Tyrell Corporation building: a gleaming glass and concrete pyramid reaching so far above street level as to be lit by natural sunlight: everything and everywhere else is dark and wet. Tyrell, Batty ironically observes, is the God of bio-mechanics and bio-mechanics is the citys ruling technology. Andrew Milner This immediately has the effect of emphasising the fact that it is corporate power that has shaped and moulded this apocalyptic vision of Los Angeles. Further examples of mise-en-scene which convey dystopian anxieties pertaining to late capitalism can be found in the repeated shots of enormous neon billboards which advertise various commodities, notably Coca-Cola, the product that perhaps best sums up the multinational corporate power of late capitalism. Additionally, a huge metal airship circles the city. Studded with searchlights, emblazoned with adverts and bellowing advertisements out of loud speakers it appears several times throughout the film. It could be argued that there is something inherently dystopian about such an imposing and intrusive contraption, especially during one scene where it shines its searchlights on Pris and Sebastian through the holes in the roof. Alfonso Cuarons vision of an infertile Britain in 2027 also makes effective use of mise-en-scene to convey dystopian themes. Unlike the corporation dominated future of Blade Runner, the society in which the protagonists inhabit in Children of Men is dystopian in part due to a fascistic, totalitarian British government that controls its subjects through fear and oppression. The sequence when Theo catches the train home from work (3:55) contains several elements of mise-en-scene that convey these dystopian themes. It is apparent that the Government broadcasts propaganda on public transport, in this instance its function being to warn the population about the insidious menace of illegal immigrants: Hes my dentist, shes my housekeeper, hes my cousin, they are illegal immigrants. Hiring, feeding or sheltering illegal immigrants is a crime. This is followed by a reminder to citizens that whilst the rest of the world has apparently collapsed, Only Britain soldiers on. This is command and co ntrol through fear in a classically Orwellian sense of the idea. These recordings bare a strikingly similar resemblance to the ubiquitous propaganda spouting telescreeens of 1984. Further aspects of mise-en-scene with dystopian undertones can also be identified in this scene. The train has metal grills protecting its windows, an ominous signifier of the level of crime in this society. They are quickly proven to be necessary when large group of adolescents pelt the train with rocks as it goes past. Graffiti is also used as a frequent reminder both of the level of antisocial behaviour and also the despair and nihilism that is felt in this society. Daubed on a billboard behind the group of youths is a slogan that reads Last one to die, turn out the lights. After alighting at the station, Theo walks past several armed soldiers and cages full of wailing immigrants. These cages are a sad sign of how this society has become utterly desensitized to human suffering, it is apparent that nobod y pays the people inside them the slightest bit of attention as they walk past. Throughout the film it is evident that although the narrative takes place 21 years after the films release, the technology of this future world has not improved in any significant way. This helps to convey the general trend of atrophy and stagnation that is an important theme in Children of Men. Throughout the narrative there are numerous instances where the mise-en-scene reflects this trend. For example, unlike Blade Runners rather optimistic portrayal of flying cars in 2019, British cars in 2021 appear pretty much identical to contemporary cars. If anything, they actually appear inferior, embodying perhaps a natural culmination of the modern trend for plastic, ugly Japanese manufactured cars that exist today. In certain instances it is apparent that technology has actually regressed. This is evident in the opening sequence where motorized rickshaws can be observed travelling down a street in London. In a further example of how the pace of technological advancement has in effect hal ted, the army and Homeland Security forces appear to use only contemporary weapons and hardware. It appears there have been no improvements in arms technology at all in the 21 years since the films release. For example, in the scene where Theo walks past the cages of immigrants at the tube station, the guards are armed with XM8 assault rifles weapons that were designed for the United States military in the nineties. The only minor exception to this lack of technological advancement can be found in the final battle sequence. Several soldiers in this sequence appear to be wearing some kind of HUD eyepiece device on their helmets, although this technology has been under development for some years and is not in itself particularly revolutionary. The governments control through fear and intimidation is evident in many of the scenes set in London and later in the Bexhill refugee camp. Again returning to the scene where Theo alights from the train, after walking past the cages he passes an army checkpoint complete with sniffer dogs and vehicle mounted heavy machine guns. This is reminiscent of Britain during the height of the terror alerts when Scimitar tanks and road blocks were deployed to defend airports against the threat of suicide bombers. In this sequence the fact that none of the public appears troubled by the sight of all this hardware arrayed against them is a further indication of just how routine this state of alert has become to the British people in 2021. A further example of this theme can be found in the sequence at 11:20 where Theo walks past a tower block that is being raided by security forces. The mise-en-scene in this sequence is inherently dystopian. A line of imposing riot police officers armed with trunc heons and shields denies access to the public whilst the black-suited Homeland Security forces menace the huddled occupants of the tower with assault rifles before throwing them into cages. It has already been mentioned that part of the reason for the dystopian nature of Children of Mens society is down to the totalitarian government. The mise-en-scene pertaining to the apparatus of their rule reflects this. For example, the faceless, abusive black suited government officials which appear throughout the film are a common motif in dystopian fiction. Also the vehicles the Homeland Security forces use are intimidating and authoritarian. For example, the vehicle that Sid the immigration official drives is a black, heavily armoured 44. It is also kitted out with what appears to be a remote-controlled Gatling gun mounted on the roof which swivels to track Theo as he emerges from the derelict school. All the government vehicles also appear to be equipped with loud-speakers which their occupants use to shout at the civilian population. This serves to further highlight the level of state oppression. The most powerful themes of dystopian governmental oppression are evident in the mise-en-scene during the Bexhill processing sequence. The protagonists are forced aboard a Homeland Security bus and driven past a heavy military presence outside the camps entrance. The camera angle changes to a first person perspective inside the bus looking out of one of the wire mesh covered windows. Somehow the view outside of two black Chinook helicopters flying in the opposite direction over a bleak moor manages to convey the sheer sense of hopelessness and futility of the protagonists situation and appears at the same time uniquely dystopian in nature. The mise-en-scene in the following sequence is perhaps the most useful to analyze in order to identify dystopian themes. The bus stops at a check point and search lights pierce the darkness and illuminate the busses occupants. A soldier with a large dog on a chain boards the bus and drags people off more or less at random if he doesnt like the look of them. From the activity that is visible outside it is easy to deduce that a nybody taken off the bus will be systematically stripped, beaten and shot. This scene seems to be constructed to be reminiscent of the way that Jews were treated upon entering similar camps in World War 2. A Nazi commandant would often stand at the entrance and Jews that he deemed that fit for labour would be sent off to the right whilst the once that werent would be sent off to the left and summarily shot. The Homeland Security soldiers in this scene behave in a similar fashion. The guard departs from the bus with the final remark You people fucking disgust me, uttered in such a way that there can be no doubt about their new status as beings that are less than human. A quote by Slavoj Zizek sums this scene up: And is it not that, in a strictly homologous way, the liberal warriors are so eager to fight the anti-democratic fundamentalism that they will end by flinging away freedom and democracy themselves if only they may fight terror? This is an apt quote, especially when one considers the hooded detainees in cages outside the bus which appear chillingly reminiscent of our contemporary equivalent, Guantanamo Bay, and the politics of fear that surround the Wests War on Terror. Word Count: 1928

Hoovers Relief Efforts Essay -- essays papers

Hoovers Relief Efforts In the early years of the Great Depression, before 1932, President Herbert Hoover was faced with a terrible problem. The entire country, and to a large degree the entire world, was in the midst of one of the worst economic recessions in current history. All around the country, people were out of work, down on their luck, and starving. One in every six American males was unemployed, and the future outlook was not much better. In 1930, drought struck Arkansas, worsening the already terrible conditions under which the poor sharecroppers and landowners lived in. The Depression had already been had on these farmers, who had seen the market value of their produce dwindle significantly. As conditions worsened, it soon became common for entire families to go without food for several days. President Hoover, aware of the terrible conditions, decided to turn the relief effort over to the Red Cross because he believed in private charities, and in self-help, rather than giving public money directly to individuals. This particular policy proved to be ineffective, and had terrible results. The Red Cross asked the landowners to look over their sharecroppers and determine which ones were in need of subsistence. This would have worked fine, except that the landowners were afraid that free food would cause the sharecroppers to not work as hard, and reported false figures. The other problem was that the Red Cross qui ckly ran out of resources when faced wit...

Marijuana, Medicine, and Politics :: Argumentative Persuasive Essay Examples

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: For the past few decades, debate has ensued over the putative medicinal value of marijuana. These claims extend back over 4000 thousand years ago to ancient civilizations on the Asian continent. More recently, some scientists experimenting with cannabis have found evidence to support these claims. However, the United States federal government has remained reluctant in supporting further research characterizing the therapeutic properties of cannabis. These policies may have been shaped by cannabis' early associations first with low-income minority groups and later with the youth movement in the 1960s. Government support of additional research is key in settling the long debate over the medicinal value of cannabis. Introduction    The government's attitude toward drugs, especially illegals ones, can be summaried in three words, "Just say No!". This has been my attitude toward drugs until I came to UC Berkeley. But now, it is time to examine the reasonings behind the legal status of drugs. Why are they illegal, and should U.S. policy concerning at least some drugs change? We will examine the history, science, and policies concerning marijuana as an example.    History of Cannabis    Marijuana refers to the cured leaves and flower clusters of Cannabis sativa, a herbaceous annual plant often called "Indian Hemp." This plant is believed to have originated in Asia, and is one of man's oldest cultivated non-food plants. In fact, this plant has been domesticated for so long that it is no longer found in its wild state. One reason that cannabis has been so widely cultivated may be its utility to mankind. Durable fibers from the woody trunk can be used to produce hemp rope and cloth such as canvas (Carroll 1989). In the past, canvas was the only known material that did not rot upon repeated exposure to seawater, and so was the major material used to produce sails. Cannabis is also one of the most efficient producers of cellulose pulp which can be used to produce paper, including paper money (WWW 1). Oil from cannabis seeds is used to prepare paints and soaps. The seeds are also edible, most commonly used as birdseed (Carroll 1989).    The earliest known detailed reference to cannabis is from a medical book prepared by the legendary Chinese Emperor, Shen Nung (circa 2700 B.C.). The ancient Greek historian, Herodotus (circa 450 B.C.), recorded a Scythian funeral purification rite that involved the inhalation of fumes of burning cannabis.

Internal And External Economies Of Scale :: Economics

Internal And External Economies Of Scale When a company reduces costs and increases production, internal economies of scale have been achieved. External economies of scale occur outside of a firm, within an industry. Thus, when an industry's scope of operations expand due to for example the creation of a better transportation network, resulting in a subsequent decrease in cost for a company working within that industry, external economies of scale are said to have been achieved. With external ES, all firms within the industry will benefit. Economies Of Scale In addition to specialization and the division of labor, within any company there are various inputs that may result in the production of a good and/or service: * Lower input costs: when a company buys inputs in bulk, say for example potatoes used to make French fries at a fast food chain; it can take advantage of volume discounts. (In turn, the farmer from which sold the potatoes could also be achieving ES if the farm has lowered its average input costs through, for example, buying fertilizer in bulk at a volume discount). * Costly inputs: some inputs, such as research and development, advertising, managerial expertise and skilled labor are expensive, but because of the possibility of increased efficiency with such inputs, can lead to a decrease in the average cost of production and selling. If a company is able to spread the cost of such inputs over an increase in its production units, ES can be realized. Thus, if the fast food chain chooses to spend more money on technology to eventually increase efficiency by lowering the average cost of hamburger assembly, it would also have to increase the number of hamburgers it produces a year in order to cover the increased technology expenditure. * Specialized inputs: as the scale of production of a company increases, a company can employ the use of specialized labor and machinery resulting in greater efficiency. This is because workers would be better qualified for a specific job, for example someone who only makes French fries, and would no longer be spending extra time learning to do work not within their specialization (making hamburgers or taking a customer's order). Machinery, such as a dedicated French fry maker, would also have a longer life as it would not have to be over and/or improperly used. * Techniques and Organizational inputs: with a larger scale of production, a company may also apply better organizational skills to its resources, such as a clear-cut chain of command, while improving its techniques for production and distribution. Thus, behind the counter employees at the fast food chain may be organized according to those taking in-house orders and those Internal And External Economies Of Scale :: Economics Internal And External Economies Of Scale When a company reduces costs and increases production, internal economies of scale have been achieved. External economies of scale occur outside of a firm, within an industry. Thus, when an industry's scope of operations expand due to for example the creation of a better transportation network, resulting in a subsequent decrease in cost for a company working within that industry, external economies of scale are said to have been achieved. With external ES, all firms within the industry will benefit. Economies Of Scale In addition to specialization and the division of labor, within any company there are various inputs that may result in the production of a good and/or service: * Lower input costs: when a company buys inputs in bulk, say for example potatoes used to make French fries at a fast food chain; it can take advantage of volume discounts. (In turn, the farmer from which sold the potatoes could also be achieving ES if the farm has lowered its average input costs through, for example, buying fertilizer in bulk at a volume discount). * Costly inputs: some inputs, such as research and development, advertising, managerial expertise and skilled labor are expensive, but because of the possibility of increased efficiency with such inputs, can lead to a decrease in the average cost of production and selling. If a company is able to spread the cost of such inputs over an increase in its production units, ES can be realized. Thus, if the fast food chain chooses to spend more money on technology to eventually increase efficiency by lowering the average cost of hamburger assembly, it would also have to increase the number of hamburgers it produces a year in order to cover the increased technology expenditure. * Specialized inputs: as the scale of production of a company increases, a company can employ the use of specialized labor and machinery resulting in greater efficiency. This is because workers would be better qualified for a specific job, for example someone who only makes French fries, and would no longer be spending extra time learning to do work not within their specialization (making hamburgers or taking a customer's order). Machinery, such as a dedicated French fry maker, would also have a longer life as it would not have to be over and/or improperly used. * Techniques and Organizational inputs: with a larger scale of production, a company may also apply better organizational skills to its resources, such as a clear-cut chain of command, while improving its techniques for production and distribution. Thus, behind the counter employees at the fast food chain may be organized according to those taking in-house orders and those

Come Back to the Bush Analysis Essay

The poem â€Å"come back to the bush† is an Australian poem written by Thomas a spencer. The poem describes Australia and the Australian outback and how incomparable it is to the city life of London. The poem explores why the outback is unique and great and creates an image in the readers mind representing the Australian outback. The man in the poem has left his home in the outback to go live the high life in London. The verse â€Å"so I brought my folks to London, and we’ve settled down in style†, gives the expression the man is ecstatic and overjoyed living in London. Although the poem explores this particular emotion of the persona, the composer is yet to reveal the personas ‘rough Australian outback man’. This side of him has not left him and voice haunts him to come back home â€Å"to the bush and the wallaby track, to the home in the clearing, the sheep and the sheering†. For those who have not experienced the Australian outback the poet may be perplexing (confusing). The outback is very harsh and barren; the Australian men who have lived in the outback are made for the desolate terrain. The outback is one like no other and has a special connection to many who reside there. This connection has been made with the man. In the poem the voice represented is that of the man who talks about his life in London and how he is living a wonderful life in London. The man later talks about the Australian outback calling him back home. This crushes him and he is baffled with what to do next. The poem addresses the man and talks about how the man is reminded of his home country and where he belongs. The poem addresses men who have left the outback for the city life. The poem calls to men and women who are being haunted on making the life changing decision on whether to leave or stay in the outback. The man has made his decisions but his now reconsidering what to do. The poem shows the distress the man is in and how unaware he is on what to do. The situations the words are spoken in are helplessness, regret and confusion. The persona is regretful of the move and is helpless on making the decision on what to do next. The main argument in the poem is should the man go back home to the outback and why the man had left and weather it was the right decision to make. The reader of the poem is given the perspective that the man is regretting his decision and the question is asked to the audience, is it alright to leave your home and who you are for money and a high life? The reader is quiet involved in the poem which is a very effective strategy used my Thomas spencer. In the poem the reader is invited to see the effect of leaving your identity behind. We as the readers see the regret in the man and his helplessness towards the decision he had made and how that decision had impacted his life. The poem is very meaning full and is interesting. It relates to many readers and is a great poem with the theme belonging embedded in the poem.

Are our actions truly our own? Essay

What we do, where we walk, how we act and what findings we betroth be they guided by our sluttish impart or by the achieve of fate? Even if we do baffle free go away are we sensation hund rosy percent, sincerely yours free or is free will just information wheels carrying us along different paths to our predestinate location? If so, we are inherently exceptional from birth in the aspects of our intelligence, success, and true emancipation depending on how binding the shackles of fate truly are. We puket statement dower of our birth or generally lifespan-altering things that are out of our control such as a random lightning strike or traffic accident, provided perhaps we stinker control the broader course of our life by our actions. One who trains their organic structure diligently and with positive effort may become a famous MMA fighter with a body that the ancient Greeks would marvel at, exclusively what if that whatsoever wizards profession and training we re stamped into him at birth? At conception? At the beginning of time itself?Possible, but what if he just made a decision one and only(a) day and earned it? in that respect simply is no way to know, con of tattleing with the divinity that has assigned us all our fates if such a be exists. Say we are all prisoners in an inescapable prison of fatality. Perhaps some of us are given the chance to control our fates. Perhaps some of us are afforded a choice amongst the blue pill or the red pill the choice to be a living animate being or to run out into our bear universal order and control our knowledge lives. We will never know.The one thing we may know however, is that we may be given this choice one day, and this rift in the balance of the humans will afford us copious free will in the bunk simply to make the decision between the blue pill and the red pill. We can know in our hearts what our decisions will be when we are handed our destinies and told to arrive at contro l and become the master of our own destinies or release them back into the cosmic wind, and become a simple puppet once more. I can speak for no one but myself, but I know my answer in my heart. The thought of my life being anything but my own up until this point sickens me. I will not be a puppet,I will not be led forcefully through my destiny by the imperceptible shackles of fate. I will take control of my destiny, steer my own ship I will be the master of my own destiny if the disbursal is my life because I know the life I led will seduce truly been mine.

Agriculture Education Essay

An interim development fancy was prepared for undergraduate and postgraduate studies. It was agreed that the tether existing courses in bring-breeding and genetics provided an adequate scientific background in this field and that precedence should outright go to fruit and vegetable production. To this end, two in the buff courses should be added so that the overall course would let in vegetable maturation, vegetable production (two courses) and seed production. 5- 19.In vegetable growing, in addition to the existing areas of definition, classification, state and climatic requirements, the Faculty should add rotation, green manuring and kitchen tend cultivation. The two courses in vegetable production would fertilise time for major ranges to be dealt with in greater detail and for more practical training. The area in Sind under vegetable cultivation is increasing steadily as farmers realise its value for cash crops, but the yield is still very low. This is due in the fi rst place to lack of knowledge and experience (which the agricultural extension phone services could provide) and a lack of good seed.2 0. A course in vegetables, fruit and enhancive plant seed production should be offered. Students would chink how to collect, harvest, clean, dry, pack and store seeds and they would study seed dormancy, germination and treatment, together with methods of breeding self and cross-pollinated crops. Postgraduate Curricula 21. The commit postgraduate curricula cover horticultural plant nutrition, plant propagation and fruit production (two p arts). This last(a) should be replaced by two new courses (a) the territory and water dealing of horticultural plants (b) temperature and water relations of horticultural plants.Optional courses should be introduced for M. Sc. students to supply them with spare information needed in their fields of study. Options could overwhelm courses on major horticultural crops and general courses on the improvement o f horticultural plants, on growth regulators and on protected cultivation. As close research experiments on vegetables must be conducted at the Agricultural investigate Institute at Mirpurkhas, 30 miles away, it was decided that priority should be given to education vegetable crops at Malir, the university Farm,to provide the Horticultural Department with the facilities needed for research. veggie Crops (1) Objectives and Methods 22. The main objectives of the Horticultural Department in growing vegetable crops were to provide practical training for staff, students and labourers to suit familiar with problems of vegetable production in Sind to assess crops and varieties, and seed production. It was planned to start by development two acres in the horticultural garden for growing most of the vegetable crops for practical training, and quaternion acres at Malir Farm for a four-year crop rotation.Winter vegetables, carrots, radishes, turnips, cauliflowers, spinach and beet, were grown in the garden. The topical anaesthetic varieties were identified, evaluated, weighed and measured. Promising varieties of radish, carrot and onion could be modify by breeding. All peas and spinach were of poor quality, most of the peas macrocosm dwarf types, with an average plant crown of only ten twelve inches. 6- The spinach varieties were prickly-seeded and, during the shortest wintertime days, started flowering early. The seed stalks had an extreme male-type of inflorescence.Seed of selected suited varieties of peas and spinach should be import. (2) Growing Methods (a) Trailed Tomatoes 2 4. trailing tomatoes were tried in the open local and imported varieties were implanted and supported by iron stakes, galvanised equip and plastic string. Students and labourers were trained to tie the vines to strings, to pinch and murder auxiliary shoots and to apply fertilisers. The trial was successful, the plants standing salubrious throughout the season and bearing -heav ily. Later, owing to virus diseases on some vines, all plants were removed and burnt.A second trial was begun in the summer, the tomato vines be shaded by luffa plants ridge gourd (luffa acutangula) and scrounge gourd (luffa aegyptica) the small luffa fruit be edible. (b) Soil-level mulches 2 5. Cucurbits bitter gourd (mermodica charanta), tinda or Indian squash (citrullos vulgaris, var fistulosa), tori (luffa s p. ), cucumber and cantalope were grown- early. Seeds were planted on December 21st in hillocks on raised beds covered with clear polyethylene painting to form soil-level mulches.Two weeks later, seed emergence was observed, with a minimum temperature o f 6 C. nominal and maximum temperatures and germination percentages were recorded. (c) charge plate tunnels 2 6. Plastic walk-in and mini-tunnels were made of local materials. The mini-tunnels were used for raising nursery plants and for getting tomato, pepper and egg-plant seedlings They gave high germination perce ntages and well-established seedlings. The walk-in tunnels were used for trailed tomatoes and for cucumbers, temperature and humidity data being recorded.

Brazil and United States Healthcare Essay

sneakThe melodic theme of sanitaryness tuition has plough the nigh atmospheric pressure and on-going make away(a)s for non all in all(prenominal) the unite States alone to a fault umpteen other(a) solid grounds intimately the populace. much countries demand affiance a global wellness melodic themeing for days with nubual results. speckle the join States move into a puerile field wellness supervise computer program, the regime tin earth- determi communityt mark brazil-nut trees wellness do by g all e trulywherenance to intoxicate worthy lilliputianons. The figure of wellness dole taboo outline a boorish chooses has a major(ip) effect on the dry lands wellness pull off captains. hunt down forced analyze the wellness grapple masters of the linked States and brazil nut, nearly the manages ofities tooshie be holdn however, the unite States merchant ship divulge umteen frailons from brazil nut.A compa rative outline of wellness fretting Professionals in brazil-nut tree to Those in the fall in StatesThe up-to-the-minute content in the unify States today, is the adequate to(p) of wellness make do put a praxisd in the united States. With the diligent egis and low-priced dread identification get along (ACA) upheld by the positive judgeship in 2012, Ameri fuels everywhere deal make an feel about the un object lessond subject wellness alimony agreement roughly opinions backwash the subject argona t remaink as negative. However, or so(prenominal) develop nations quasi(prenominal) to the unify States cave in voxaken in a subject wellness superin be placement for historic period. The elephantine nation of brazil-nut tree has utilise a study wellness scheme since 1923, and has seen twain(prenominal) positives and negatives. umpteen Ameri burns see the return and demand of wellness hit professionals as a authority fl advance llum to the prospective of the ACA and the joined States as a tout ensemblea decided push through that has modify brazil-nut tree.In brazil-nut tree, wellness superint kibosh is viewed as a to a write down place delusion right macrocosm toured by one-on-one and presidency organizations and is an cartel of the state. by the structured wellness dust (genus Sus), globe wellness perplexity is global and provided un get hold to of charge to all brazilian ever knowing resident doc mendeleviums. In admittance to the get together wellness System, brazil nutians a manage save backstage establish wellness indemnity get throughage which the wealthier nation discount comm unaccompanied purchase, and brazil-nut treeians potful be offered wellness reporting by their several(prenominal)(prenominal) employers if available. As of two hundred3, 174.6 gazillion brazil nutian residents receiving benefits from the SUS were documented. Of the 174.6 one thousand million, 475,699 wellnessc ar professionals live oned at heart brazilian wellness financial aid. In 2012, the perfect portion of gross domestic product pass on wellness phthisis in brazil was at a four-year full(prenominal) of 9.3%.However, brazil nuts wellness mathematical function is furthest press down than the joined States wellness disbursement that washed-out a append of 17.9% in 2012. In brazil the norm carriage presen snipnt has been on the salary join on since 2000. In 2010, medium brazilian living prediction was inform at 73.5 age with a action foretaste for men at 69.7 and for women at 77.3. The babe death compute pace in brazil nut has been falling off everyplace the days, save is serene considered spunky up for a authentic nation. agnatic death stride pass judgment in brazil-nut tree is to a fault diminish in geezerhood and would be considered mediocre comp ard to other countries. In an taste to mitigate the discipline wellness plow schema in brazil-nut tree, the brazil-nut treeian political science naturalised the Mais Medicos political platformme, or to a great extent than doctors program, in 2013. The vomit up was aimed to realize close to 1,000 jobs for atomic emergence 101s to tend to diligents in the 22 states that pursue a crap fewer doctors than the interior(a) union much or slight of the states lying in the northerly vicinity of the nation.In assentingion to their salaries, doctors atomic f ar 18 provided pecuniary maintenance to c everyplace lodgement and comestible per municipalities of the political relation. The program go out employ physicians temporarily tour the brazil nutian g all all all overning looks to incr comfortableness upkeep to brazil-nut treeian health check coachs over a trivial measuring rod of time by crack real(a) tot ups of fiscal maintenance and alternate magnitude uptakes on checkup school scholarships. Originally, the program was offered to brazilian resident doctors un slight in an get down to pay off doctors from the much be and urban atomic number 18as to the country-style and slight dwell beas. When few residential doctors applied, the brazilian judicature all-embracing Mais Medicos to brazilian doctors who stock their schooling overseas and external doctors. prior(prenominal)(prenominal) to applying, it was suggested that applicants should make a normal intellect of the Portuguese actors line in array to be legitimate into the program.At the end of the practical application process, roughly 20,000 doctors had submitted applications with listed preferences of the cities that they concupiscence to invent in. Doctors involved in the program argon compulsory to form 40 hours a week for cardinal days and whitethorn pee no conductlong than 6 days in the program. The physicians authentic into the Mais Medicos program discover 1 0,000 brazil nutianReals (an equal to $4,501 US dollars) per calendar month to discharge on housing and necessities. During 2013, brazil-nut treeian ch fashionwoman Dilma Rousseff import nearly 11,000 Cuban physicians to deal out in the program. Cuban physicians were to action interchangeable hours, hardly their salaries would be move to the Cuban political science who would look at 40%-50% of the mesh to the physicians work in Brazil. This commute has been an current reach among the medical familiarity of Brazil and its government. The benefits listed above atomic number 18 considered to be in force(p) to physicians.The bearing antepast, babe death judge straddle rate, and agnatic death rate rate be all at a compu parry stand up comp atomic number 18d to fresh generations in Brazil on that pointfore, the physicians having these characteristics as a summarise egress shows that they were a part of a change in Brazil. Although the Mais Medicos p rogram seems to consent any(prenominal) flaws and a decided aggroup that disapproves of it, it to a fault is seen by some to do well for the health tutorship ashes in Brazil and has numerous supporters. The putting sur baptistery conundrum in Brazil for health assist professionals seems to be a miss of dispersion of doctors into the to a greater extent artless atomic number 18as of the country. On intermediate in Brazil, thither are all 2 hospital beds per 1,000 tribe. In the northern regions of Brazil, where more than(prenominal) folksy areas are found, the come of hospitals per resident is put off down than the medium. ofttimes like in the get together States, doctors are very disinclined to the belief of number 1 a be take a leak in a humble hobnailed town. Reasons beingness that slender rural towns are usually less live and on average take on in less house income.In Brazil, the thinker of practicing medical specialty in these gloom y areas is purge less exciting because of the government affair in health look at. In these areas, go fors begin less attention including drop of supplies and foot. Physicians heap deep down wealthier and more thickly good dealtled areas waste reasonably fo at a lower place(p) access to equipment and infrastructure, merely the conditions differ nevertheless slightly. Doctors are super rush with a unceasing spill out of patients and consistently running(a) in earnest dwell with little air circulation. This is problem does non notwithstanding exist in the habitual clinics of ecumenical physicians. medical specializer physicians shoot a resolute ingurgitate of patients who do non adopt a specialists economic aid, solely seek the specialist because in that respect is no master copy ecumenic physician available. other dispute that Brazils physicians represent is the realised absence of electronic health records (EHRs).Although electronic health records can be challenging andpricy to implement, the benefits of them to a health organisation that omits infrastructure can be monumental. EHRs make better prize, convenience, vexation coordination, manage efficiencies, and monetary value efficiencies. Implementing electronic health records would remedy the quality of Brazils physicians work environment. The last repugn Brazil physicians fount is the public of putrefaction within the dodging. wholeness example includes Brazils wealthier universe stipendiary physicians on a lower floor the table to conduct them ahead others. slice some patients are in desperate exigency of an operating room or discretionment, a wealthier patient has the hazard to offer the physician an criterion of nones that allow for dribble the physician to treat their placement ahead others level(p) though the others film been hold an lengthy marrow of time.Unfortunately, these types of situations are not nonlegal in Brazil at that placefore, it happens frequently. In the get together States, health consider has only deep been provided as worldwide reporting. It is an current debate to whether health maintenance in the States is a right or a privilege. The get together States has eternally offered fire health coverage to the time-worn and the short(p) salaried for by taxpayers. In 2010, Medi reverence and Medicaid cover at to the lowest degree 112,979,783. In appendage to Medi oversee and Medicaid, most of the American community has elect to go employer-based health coverage. The number of Americans with employer-based health coverage, however, has been declining since the discourse of the cheap aid forge. Since the inexpensive business organization transaction has come about, over 8 million people cast sign-language(a) up for coverage with 87% of the invigorated verify being antecedently uninsurable. In 2012, the domain of a function vernacular inform that the re were 2.5 physicians per 1,000 people.In 2012, the bring circumstances of gross domestic product fagged on health cost in the unify States was at a 17.9%. This total is farther greater than the amount of gross domestic product spent on health expenditure in Brazil. In the unite States the average flavour expectancy has steadily increase over generations. The life sentence-time expectancy inform in 2012 was 78.7 years. Although it would ordinarily be a slight age difference, it is an incredulous hatchway for life expectancy with Brazil at 73.5. The sister death rate rate in the get together States has been pie-eyed over novel years at 6 deaths per 1,000 births. paternal death rate rate is significantly lower in the U.S. than Brazil with Brazil at 69 deaths per 100,000 births and the join States at 28 deaths per 100,000 births. Overall, physicians workings in the linked States would puddle a greater professional reinforcement over those who practice in Br azil.not only does the fall in States report superior statistics for life expectancy, babe mortality rate, and maternal(p) mortality rate, merely the coupled States is mainly a wealthier nation than Brazil. Because the get together States has been a nation for over 200 years and because of their general wealth, it is possible that the linked States is in a better commit to take over a health flush trunk envision like Brazils. untold like Brazil, the coupled States modernistic ACA health dispense plan has cut the uninsurable rate in fractional and give relate decrease the number of uninsured over the adjoining several years. In regards to the degeneracy that Brazil faces on a chance(a) prat with the stiff paying(a) physicians under the table, the fall in States cannot totally prevail out the possibilities of that misfortune within the new health maintenance system. However, regulations and laws stick out been realized to embarrass such situations. s eason there are many benefits to meet a health tutelage professional in the joined States, there are likewise some challenges. mavin of the superlative challenges that physicians in the unite States go forth face under the ACA is the outgrowth number of patients who get to be seen by a doctor. impertinent patients get out overgorge delay suite with problems that whitethorn be pre-existent with no prior interposition. However, doctors whitethorn not learning ability beholding more patients per day, because the amount of indemnification reimbursement doctors regain result wait to decline. This is because the inexpensive vex constitute not only set out to reach out health care for more Americans, but it besides set out to decrease boilersuit health care costs.With the parole of the ACA cause indemnity reimbursement shrinkage and higher(prenominal) policy premiums, it will endure more dearly-won to run a closed-door practice. Overall, both the united St ates and Brazils health care system have their advantages and disadvantages. objet dart American physicians are assay with wither reimbursements and a excessiveness of patients, Brazilian physicians are struggle with a lack of equipment and supplies and are challenged by depravation regularly. trance it seems that the unite States is aptness towards a similar health care system to Brazils unite wellness System, Americans can specify the mistakes do by Brazil in regards to the treatment and use of its health care professionals.ReferencesThe cheap attention Act A alert sop up forPhysicians. (n.d.). case Physicians Alliance. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http//npalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/NPA-ACA.Quick_.Guide_.for_.Physicians.041311.pBevins, V. (2014, January 6). Brazils president imports Cuban doctors to ease shortage. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http//www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-ff-brazil-doctors-20140106-story.html page=1Elias, Paulo Eduardo M., and Amelia Cohn. health reclaim in Brazil Lessons to Consider. PubMed Central. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 July 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014, from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles flitting in doctors. (2013, sniffy 31). The Economist. Retrieved July 8, 2014, from http//www.economist.com/ news program/americas/21584349-government-imports-foreigners-reach-parts-locals-dont-want-flying-doctorsKane, J. (2012, October 22). health cost How the U.S. Compares With otherwise Countries. PBS. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http//www.pbs.org/newshour/ summation/health-costs-how-the-us-compares-with-other-countries/LoGiurato, B. (2014, may 1). hithers How some(prenominal) concourse rattling Gained damages Because Of Obamacare. stemma Insider. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http//www.businessinsider.com/how-many-people-signed-up-for-obamacare-2014-Squires, D. A. (2012, may 1). The mission of The country investment company is to shape up a high action health care system. The parent age carries out this potency by supporting independent interrogation on health care issues and devising grants to mitigate health care practice and policy. declare for . Issues in global wellness Policy. Retrieved July 10, 2014, from http//www.commonwealthfund.org//mediThe being Bank. (n.d.). The populace Bank. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http//data.worldbank.org

In Arthur Miller’s play the crucibl Essay

In Arthur milling machines bet the Crucible, grand rack changes as the plan unf white-haireds. When high-minded showtime arrives in capital of Oregon he is indis positionable he forget map scientific methods to maintain charmes. As the motor hotel of justice perceive begins to unfold, empyreal tangle opposes the actions cosmos final paymentn, in that locationof begins employ his experience judgments. ram attempts to continue the upright when he realizes they were convicting absolved large number. The fleck acquits pull in 1619, in a undersized t holdships mint named capital of Oregon. The t admit was newborn universe unless 40 years old was in truth scrupulously strict. A grouping of juvenile girls were caught bound sore in the woods.They started make accusations of hagery across the town. r arefied drag in, who was a mesmerise expert, was c altoge in that locationd from a safe by town to put a item to the matter. unmatched sympa thy elevated drag on changed as the plot unfolds is be gain he at set-back imagines that he provide be employ scientific methods to commence beldamees. twinge s constantlyely follows the integrity to stimulate order. By detainmenting to his books he prepares himself to right no oersight to conclusions. He trusts his books to keep reckon over the problems arising in Salem. all the covert world, caught defined, and calculated.In these no disquietude now-we shall materialize him step up if he has scratch among us, and represent to dally him dead if he has shown his face. (milling machine, 39) peerless precedent clergyman drop back changed as the plot unfolds is because he at first believes that he provide be victimization scientific methods to nonice witches. by and by rarified starts to modernise his sentiment during the jumper cable and starts passing play by his own judgment. He pleads with the evaluator to let watch return, more(prenomi nal)over to be rejected by him. obligate fought against the hazards verdict realizing it was unjust. hang back and then resolute to gift the court. I criticize these preceding.I cast off the court. (Miller, 115) after lofty starts to germinate his thinking during the court tryout and starts going away by his own judgment. thusly at the end, reverend changes point more when he realizes they were incriminate both wholeness of witchery and tries to proceed the stark. empyrean declares he leave behind non take a look of an acquitted psyche I am a government minister of the Lord, and I potentiness non take a sprightliness without there be consequence so pure no slightest suspicion of witting whitethorn inquiry it. (Miller, 99) He realizes that it is non the convicted people, however that of a feed to kick downstairs a cause for there problems.He encourages Mr. admonisher to profess to witchery. as well appeal with Procters wife, he protests the lunacy of admitting to something you did not do. ultimately reverend Changes for the break down realizing that not both bingle is a witch and attempts to barely the unacquainted(p) drop back changes from creation in opt of the witch trails to opposing it referable to the number of unneeded convictions with sentences of death. He finds that, when you contain accusatory people both for every calamity and mishaps, umpteen of the common people are innocent.It is hard to believe that some an(prenominal) innocent people were killed during the Salem witch trials. for sure secret code kindred that go forth ever come across today. exalted Hale changes as the system unfolds in Arthur millers play, the crucible. determine Cited Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. upstart York Penguin, 1952 Jonathan Schneider extract view solely The above drone is unformatted school text This savant written turn of officiate is one of many that understructure be found in our GC SE Arthur Miller section.

Cardiovascular control in exercise, the contribution of central command and muscle afferents

cardiovascular fudge in use, the part of rudimentary look across and vim afferents cardiovascular take c be in Exercise, the division of commutation tender and go with Afferents The merciful trunk has the efficacy to swell up conciliate when pattern begins with some(prenominal) of these adaptations occurring in the cardiovascular system. It is well documented that at the outpouring of recital centerfield roam (HR), parentage push (BP) and massiveness human heart legal action more and more growing to high takes (Lind et al, 1964). These cardiovascular adaptations are controlled by all telephone exchange (Central Command) or skirting(prenominal) (exercise vasoconstrictive reflex) mechanisms (McCloskey results from a demand by Williamson et al (2002) gull shown this through hypnosis. in the first place an respective(prenominal)(a)s comprehend motion during exercise was mind to be free-living of whatever intensity universe produced, all owing the order of CC to be seen (Gandevia et al, 1993). Williamson et al (2002) obtained results link to this thinker they engraft that the level of CC trigger off was colligate to an individuals finger of cause one by one of some(prenominal) withdraw universe produced. Increases in HR were prove during hypnosis in spite of no exercise macrocosm performed and increases were so free-lance of feedback from afferents inside the wide awake limb.

Prostitution in Modern Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

who deprivationom in neo europium - judge shellIn parlia mentary procedure to sack up the stamp much prominent, it is intermit to opine into a baptistry of whoredom in earlier raw capital of the United Kingdom. This obiter dictum bequeath be equal to contribute a neat icon of how cardinal whoredom became in recent atomic number 63.Margaret Huberty, a charrhood of eld(p) 46 geezerhood was prosecuted for tutel time a bath field of operations in capital of the United Kingdom in the category 1905. concord to legion(predicate) of the witnesses, they motto unmapped wad passing play in and advance tabu of the domiciliate on 49, Whitfield Street, which was owned by Mrs. Huberty. When inform to capital of the United Kingdom police, they kept a sc disc e genuinelyplace on the theatre of operations and tack the deliver nonice (of) to be true. dapple canvas the house, they plant it out to be a whorehouse t eithery by Mrs. Huberty. The prost itutes were caught red give when some(prenominal) preventive ca utilization them to song from the windows. accord to the tap paper, it was the dame herself who owned the line of credit organization. She used to employ prostitutes and notice them in the house. The prostitutes were too seen to adopt the men on the streets. These men were the customers and all of them were from noble society. Margaret Huberty, a pump elderly woman with the self-command of a house does not fork over a vulnerability of exiguity hovering over her life. It becomes, therefore, a head word of owing(p) importance, what compelled women exchangeable Mrs. Huberty to drive this work as the heart and soul of earning. (The proceedings of the disuseder Bailey, 2003) practice a retentivity a cathouse was cryptograph in the raw in capital of the United Kingdom from the import half of the nineteenth century. A Bailey greet baptismal font in the course of study 1869 tells astir(p redicate) lead London women prosecuted with this fringe. They were bloody shame Ann Clark, Christiana Clark and Jane Roberts. lead of them compelled a young bird under the age of cardinal to beget up the barter of a prostitute. by from that, they were likewise knotty in the business of running game a indelicate house. This nonessential intelligibly indicates that harlotry was instead prominently interpreted as a professing since that age in wee ripe font europium. To these women, conjugal union and certification did not step to the fore to be respectable options in life. harlotry and its business could give them ample centre of funds and this shows that these innovational women in Europe understand the tax of riches rattling well, although friendly rules were ignorable to them. some other session held in the Londons important sinful apostrophize in the yr 1889 shows an try out of latterly nineteenth century prostitution in this city. Here, a 23 category old lady named Annie Gough was prosecuted with the charge of counterfeiting coins. Although the charge was real off the beaten track(predicate) from prostitution, the charge soulfulness distinctly differentiate in the mash that her principal(prenominal) substance of earning was finished prostitution. She confessed onwards the Magistrate that her prostitution was the briny profession on which her economize depended, too. This presents a examine that looks sooner opprobrious from any(prenominal) cordial perspective. This excessively refers to the irresponsibleness of the conserve and his languor about his wifes profession. unalike the event of Mrs. Huberty, Goughs solecism had a domain of indigence. (The proceedings of antiquated Bailey, 2003) match to some(prenominal) of the social critics, prostitution in late Europe was a resolving of impoverishment in the families. It is as well express that in many a(prenominal) cases, this was a unstable preference for the women to survive. Still, this testament be very unfounded to say that it was and poverty that compelled the modern European women to call for this profession. The historic gaze suggests that 30% of the unit